공항의 지역특성과 운영특성이 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향 = An Empirical Study on the Effects of Airport Characteristics on Financial Performance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Traditionally owned by the government, airports have regarded as natural monopolies, but the widespread deregulation and globalization of the air transport industry are also raising new interest in the airport industry, such as commercialization and privatization. Unlike previous studies that measured passenger throughput and cargo volume as airport performance for transport, this study looked at the financial performance at the level of the corporate airport. Secondary data were collected from 125 airports around the world to perform a demonstration of what factors influence the airport's financial performance. ANOVA performed for Hypothesis 1, and for Hypothesis 2 was verified by OLS regression. Studies have shown that the financial performance of airports differs significantly depending on the regional characteristics. Of the six operational characteristics, only 'Passengers per Aircraft Movement,' 'Cargo Volume,' and '% Aeronautical Revenue' were found to have affected financial performance. Passengers and cargo volume had a positive impact on financial performance, whereas '% Aeronautical Revenue' was found to have a negative impact. It is necessary to increase the proportion of non-aeronautical revenue to increase the financial performance of the airport. In particular, it is necessary to promote commercial activities such as duty-free shops. It can say that there is a lot to suggest about non-aeronautical revenue, which has recently emerged as a significant revenue source for the airport industry. It will also have to transport more passengers per aircraft movement to enhance the airport's financial performance. It is necessary to require close cooperation between the airport operator and the airline. It is necessary to expand the airport network to increase cargo volume. Also, airport companies' efforts like a logistics complex revitalization plan are necessary.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

항공운송 산업의 연구에 있어 기존 연구는 항공사에 초점이 맞추어져 있어 산업의 다양한 가치 사슬(Value Chain)에 분포해 있는 관련 기업의 다각적 시각을 담지 못했다. 전통적으로 정부에 의해 소유되었던 공항은 자연 독점으로 간주하여왔으나 항공운송 산업의 규제 완화와 세계화로 인해 공항 산업에도 상업화와 민영화 같은 새로운 관심이 증대되고 있다. 교통수단의 관점에서 여객 처리량과 화물 물동량을 공항의 성과로 측정한 기존 연구와 달리, 본 연구에서는 공항 기업의 재무적 성과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 공항의 재무적 성과에 영향을 미치는 특성 요인은 무엇인지를 전 세계 125개 공항을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과 공항의 재무적 성과는 지역 특성에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 6개의 운영 특성 중 항공기 편당 여객 수, 화물 물동량, 항공 수익 비율만이 재무적 성과에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 다만 여객 및 화물 운송량이 재무적 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤지만, 항공 수익 비율의 경우 부정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 연구 결과는 공항의 재무적 경영성과를 높이기 위해서는 면세점과 같은 다양한 상업 활동 촉진을 통해 비 항공 수익의 비율을 늘리는 것이 경영성과에 도움이 됨을 시사한다. 이는 최근 공항 산업의 주요 수익원인 비 항공 수익 관련 비즈니스 모델에 대해 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 공항의 재무적 성과를 높이기 위해 항공기 편당 더 많은 여객을 수송해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 공항 운영 주체와 항공사와의 유기적 협력이 필요하며 화물 물동량 증대를 위해서는 공항 네트워크 확대뿐만 아니라 물류 단지 활성화 전략과 같은 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

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