논문 : 조선총독부의 밭작물 개량증식 정책 = Improvement-Proliferation Policy on Dry Farm Products of the Government-General of Joseon
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2012
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
911
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
215-281(67쪽)
제공처
소장기관
This thesis explores the background, content, and its implication of how Government-General of Joseon(Joseon Chongdokbu/朝鮮總督府) implementing improvement-proliferation policy on the dry farm products. The main object is to widen the emphasis on the rice centered studies to the area of dry field farming in agricultural history researches. While the Japanese Empire`s effort on improvement of Joseon rice earlier on in order to increase the distribution of Joseon rice in the Japanese domestic market, the concern for one of the main provisions for Koreans, the dry field farming, was neglected. However, the Japanese Empire reconsidered the importance of the dry farm products after experiencing turmoil caused by a dire food shortage including the Rice Riots in 1918 and huge drought in 1919, and the increasing awareness in the degree of food self-support from the World War I. Government-General of Joseon established a Rice proliferation policy, so called Sanmi jeungsik gyehoek(産米增殖計劃) as a result of a food shortage, and the research on dry field farming was started. The Western branch of Agricultural research institute(Gwoneop mobeomjang Seoseonjijang/觀業模範場 西鮮支場), established in 1920, led the research on dry field farming. After the 1920`s, researches including cultivation technique, testing on the system of rotation crop, comparison between domestic and imported crop variety, and extracting the superior genetic variety were initiated at Seoseonjijang, Gwoneop mobeomjang, and Jongmyojang. It was not the Government-General`s attempt, but the local provincial government promoted policy in which supplying the superior rice variety up until the 1920`s. The underlying plan on the improvement-proliferation policy was undertaken under the influences of domestic and foreign situation in the late 1920`s. When the price of rice declined due to the overproduction of rice in the market, Japan boosted the Koreans to consume more rice by restricting imports upon the foreign grains. The overall policy regarding the petty peasant was required. Second, the gold standard and international balance of payment was required to be reformed by reducing the imported Manchu millet. Third, the hardship of lives among peasantry needed to be stabilized in the frequent occurrences of farm tenancy disputes and violations in response of worsening rural economy. Government-General implemented a improvement-proliferation policy on the dry field crops in an attempt to deal with problems in rural economy. By 1929, a proliferation policy was adopted in the Northwestern region of Korea for a good yield with millet. And the Improvement-proliferation Plan of the Dry Farm Products(Jeonjakmul gyelyangjuengsik Gyehoek/田作物改良增殖計劃) was carried out as a nationwide campaign in 1931 for the increasing production of barley, wheat, rye, millet, and bean. The key importance of this policy was underlined for both intensive cultivation and genetically superior grain from 1931 to 1942. Instructional fields(Jeonjak Gyelyang Jidopo/田作改良指導圃) and associations for improvement of dry farm products(Jeonjak gyelyang johap/田作改良組合) were organized in order to extend a newly agricultural improved method, but also the experts of the dry filed farming were fostered and assigned to the local administrative units. Improving method on dry field products was practiced by adopting the traditional method of Joseon. First, a good quality of variety was extracted among the traditional Joseon grain and disseminated to the peasants. Government-General also endeavored the expansion of double crops a year and triple cropping for two years. The system of intercrop was promoted which would increase the degree of intensity in the field. The policy toward mixture cropping method fell into confusion by allowing some regions to practice and prohibiting in other districts. The practice of mixture cropping method rather encourage when the food shortage occurred again in the 1940s. On the one hand, peasants resisted against Government-General`s attempt to introduce the improvement agricultural method, a lack of awareness in the products of dry field farming by the Japanese agricultural expert led to adopting the traditional method for the dry field farming. The structure of rice exporting system had the fundamental problem. The stability of peasant`s food supply was essential for increasing rice export to Japan. While the rice cultivation commercialized rapidly, the tradition agricultural method in the dry field was retained among peasants for their consumption. The dissemination of high quality rice variety, more usage of the dry field, and double-cropping method brought about better crop yield in the dry field farming as a subsequent result. However, the increased yield of rice could not achieve not only the excessively high goal, but also the inflexible instructing method adopted by the officials from Government-General. Also the policy could not be sustained by losing driving force because of lack of support and exterior factors. The beginning of Sino-Japanese War and another food shortage caused by huge drought in 1939, Japan acknowledged the failure of its policy and established the War-Time production increasing policy.
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