구한말 제주 지식인 심재(心齋) 金錫翼의 시문학 고(考) = A Study on the Poem Literature of Shimjae Kim Seok-Ik

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 구한말 제주지식인 심재 김석익(1885-1956)의 시문학을 분석한 논문이다. 심재는 제주도에서 태어났고, 전라도 장성에 있는 부해 안병택을 찾아가 배웠으며, 함경도지역은 물론 일본까지 왕래한 바 있다. 이런 삶의 역정은 이전 제주도 문인들에게서는 찾아보기 힘든 모습이며, 그의 문학에는 이런 그의 삶이 그대로 녹아 있었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 심재의 문학관에서는 첫째, 작가의 처신과 문학의 관계에서 작가의문제에 보다 주목했다는 점, 둘째, 중국시와 한국시를 분리해서 인식하고 있었다는 점을 확인했다. 중국시에 대해서 심재는 한시의 형성과정을 집중적으로 살펴보았고, 한국시에 대해서는 인물을 중심으로 정리하였다. 이는 비록 나라가 망했지만, 조선이 문화적으로 훌륭한 나라였음을 후세에 전하려는 의도였다. 또한 제주 문학에 관한 많은 자료들로 심재의 문학적 가치를 짐작할 수 있었다. 심재의 시문학은 “돌아봄”으로 정리할 수 있고, 본고에서는 이를 사람과 공간의 두 가지 축으로 살펴보았다. 심재가 집중한 인물은 일제강점기라는 민족적 수난기에도 자신만의 지조를 지키며 항일운동에 매진했던 인물군이었다. 이는 그의 문학론과도 직접적으로 연결되는 부분이었다. 심재는 함경도 지역을 다니면서 자신의 감정을 풀어내었다. 그가 함경도까지 유람할 수 있었던 것은 일제강점기가 되면서, 제주도가 폐쇄적인 공간에서 열린 공간으로 변화했기 때문이었다. 그의 시에 드러나는 주제적 양상은 항일의지로 집약할 수 있었다. 이는 ‘송사 기우만-부해 안병택’으로 이어지는 노사학맥의 항일의식을 계승한 측면이 있다. 이런 그의 모습은 시대의 지식인으로서의 모습도 읽을 수 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzes the poem literature of Shimjae Kim Seok-Ik (1885-1956), an intellectual who was born in Jeju Island in the late 19th century of Korea when the country was doomed to be taken over by Japanese power. Shimjae was born in Jeju but he moved extensively during his lifetime. He visited Ahn Byung-Taek in Changseong, Jeon-ra Province in order to learn from him; and further travelled the areas of Hamgyung-Do (the north part of Korea) and Japan as well. The extensive movement for academic and travel causes through the life course was unique to him, which was not found in the previous generations of Jeju Island born intellectuals. And his literature works all present such life trajectory that is full of adventure. Shimjae’s poem literature tells us the following points. Firstly, as for writers’ attitudes to life and literature, Shimjae highlighted more the former than the latter. Secondly, Shimjae perceived Chinese poems and Korean poems as a separate, independent unit. As for Chinese poems, he focused upon its process to be formed; whereas as for Korean poems, poets are the main focus. It is supposed that by considering Chinese and Korean poems separately and leaving the legacies of Chosun’s poems behind, Shimjae was intended to get the next generations to know that Chosun was a great country with cultural heritage despite its perish to be gone under Japanese rule. Again, with that very act of perceiving Chinese and Korean poems as a separate unit, he paved the way to establish the basis upon which the literature records of Jeju-do were able to be arranged into a coherent form. The key idea presented in the poem literature of Shimjae Kim-Seok Ik is “reflection”. This paper studied Shimjae’s poems with the two key words of people and places. The main idea that is presented in his poems is fighting spirit against Japanese Occupation. The people that Shimaje paid attention to are those who persisted one’s fighting spirit during the period of the Occupation (1910-1945) and carried on an independence movement against it. Shimjae expressed his emotions by travelling around the region of Hamgyung-do. Jeju-do turned to be an open space from a closed one during Japanese Occupation, which allowed him to travel further to the mainland out of Jeju. The poems of Shimjae suggest that he continued pondering with a bitter feeling over the independence of nation; and over how to overcome the painful lives of ordinary people in Korea. This shows us that the struggling, fighting consciousness against Japanese rule comes all through the Nosa literature school that includes Songsa Ki Woo-Man and Boohae Ahn Byoung-Taek. Also, this indicates that those intellectuals did not turn around from the social issues that face their generations. This paper tried to analyze the literature of Shimjae in a great detail. Further studies that research not only Shimjae but also Jeju-do are expected to come forward in order to reach to the deepen and better understanding of them.