중소벤처기업의 기업가적 지향성과 기업 성과 간 관계에서 중간관리자 전략 활동의 조절효과 = The moderating impact of middle managersʼ strategy implementation on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship

국문 초록 (Abstract)

기업가적 지향성은 기업의 성장 및 성과 제고를 이끌어가는 주요한 요인으로서 이론적･실무적 차원에서의 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히 기존 연구들에서는 기업가적 지향성과 성과와의 관계에 대한 논의나 기업가적 지향성과 성과와의 관계를 조절하는 외부적 요인에 대한 논의가 활발하게 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 아직까지 기업가적 지향성이 어떠한 기업 내부의 요인들에 의해 성과 제고를 촉진하게 되는지, 즉 기업가적 지향성-성과 간 관계의 조절요인으로서 기업 내부 요인에 중점을 둔 연구는 상대적으로 미흡하다. 이에 본 연구는 기업가적 지향성과 기업 성과와의 관계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 기업 내부의 실행 활동 측면에서 논의하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 기업가적 지향성을 성과로 실현하는 내부 전략 활동의 주체로서 중간관리자의 역할에 중점을 두었으며, 이러한 중간관리자의 역할을 크게 기업가적 지향성의 확산자로서의 역할과 기업가적 지향성의 실행자로서의 역할로 구분하였다. 또한 중간관리자가 기업가적 지향성의 확산자 및 실행자로서 경영자 및 부서원과의 관계에서 수행하는 세부 전략 활동을 규명하고, 각각의 전략 활동이 기업가적 지향성과 성과와의 관계에 미치는 조절 효과를 분석하였다. 기술혁신형 중소벤처기업을 대상으로 한 실증분석 결과, 중간관리자가 기업가적 지향성의 확산자로서 전략 수립 과정에 참여하여 관련 내･외부 정보를 전략 수립에 반영하고, 기업가적 지향성을 부서원과 공유･확산하는 활동은 기업가적 지향성과 성과와의 관계에 정(+)의 조절효과를 보였다. 또한 기업가적 지향성의 실행자로서 중간관리자가 새로운 전략 대안을 제시하고, 실행계획의 환경 적합성을 높이며, 부서원의 혁신활동을 촉진하는 활동은 기업가적 지향성이 기업 성과에 미치는 긍정적 영향을 더욱 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on firms’ performance was discussed in many previous researches, the question how entrepreneurial orientation contributes to firms performance in terms of internal process and activities remains unanswered. Therefore, this study intends to discuss internal activities which impact the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. To this end, we focused on the role of middle managers as a main agent of strategy implementation. We also examined strategy activities that middle managers conduct to expand entrepreneurial orientation of top management team to employee and to do entrepreneurial implementation by themselves in the relationship between upstream managers and the relationship between employees. We then conducted empirical analysis for the moderating impact of middle managers’ strategy implementation on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firms’ performance. According
to results, middle managers’ strategy activities to expand entrepreneurial orientation of top management team to employees, such as participating in strategy formulation, transferring a variety of information and ideas from internal and external stakeholders, and communicating with employees about organizational purposes and strategic
priorities, were found to have positive moderating impact on entrepreneurial orientation and performance relationship. Strategic activities of middle managers as an main agent who implements entrepreneurial orientation, such as suggesting altenative strategy, searching for new opportunities from outside, adapting strategy to environmental change, and encouraging innovative activities of employees, also positively moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 가설설정
• Ⅲ. 연구방법
• Ⅳ. 실증 분석
• Ⅴ. 결 론

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 강원진, "참여적 작업관행이 협력적 노사관계, 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 혁신 전략의 조절적 효과" 한국인사관리학회 35 (35): 183-216, 2011
• 2 장수덕, "중소기업 중간관리자들의 조직내 기업가정신 인식과 혁신적 업무행동 간의 관계" 한국인적자원관리학회 20 (20): 27-54, 2013
• 3 조세형, "중소기업 근로자의 조직학습 능력이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향 - 중간관리자 리더십의 조절효과" 한국직업교육학회 28 (28): 71-87, 2009
• 4 이용진, "중국진출 한국기업에서 인사부서의 전략적 참여, 경쟁전략, 몰입형 인사시스템 및 기업성과간의 관계" 한국인사관리학회 34 (34): 135-166, 2010
• 5 차동옥, "중간관리자의 임파워링 리더십과 직무몰입, 조직몰입, 조직시민행동간의 관계" 한국인사관리학회 35 (35): 171-198, 2011
• 6 조민정, "인사부문의 전략적 참여와 고성과작업시스템의 실행-지각의 차이" 한국인사관리학회 39 (39): 1-34, 2015
• 7 문혜선, "기술혁신형 중소벤처기업의 기업가적 지향성, 조직학습, 사회적 자본, 성과와의 관계 분석" 한국중소기업학회 38 (38): 207-235, 2016
• 8 이학식, "구조방정식 모형분석과 AMOS 20. 0" 집현재 2013
• 9 박상언, "[인사관리연구] 30년: 조직분야 연구의 성과와 과제" 한국인사관리학회 34 (34): 117-151, 2010
• 10 Rigtering, J. P. C, "Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship" 9 (9): 337-360, 2013
• 11 Tregoe, B. B, "Why involve middle managers in strategy?" 41 : 30-32, 1990
• 12 Hutt, M. D, "Tracing emergent processes in marketing strategy formation" 52 : 4-19, 1988
• 13 Wiklund, J, "The sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship" 24 (24): 37-48, 1999
• 14 Wooldridge, B, "The strategy process, middle management involvement, and organizational performance" 11 : 231-241, 1990
• 15 Wales, W, "The organizational pervasiveness of entrepreneurial orientation" 35 (35): 895-923, 2011
• 16 De Clercq, D, "The moderating impact of internal social exchange processes on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship" 25 (25): 87-103, 2010
• 17 Barton, L. C, "The moderating effect of organizational change cynicism on middle manager strategy commitment" 24 (24): 721-746, 2013
• 18 Ouakouak, M. L, "The mediating role of organizational capabilities in the relationship between middle managers’ involvement and firm performance : A European study" 32 (32): 305-318, 2014
• 19 Darkow, I. L, "The involvement of middle management in strategy development—Development and implementation of a foresight—based approach" 101 : 10-24, 2015
• 20 A. Raes, "The interface of the topmanagement team and middle managers : a process model" 36 (36): 102-126, 2011
• 21 Anderson, B. S, "The influence of firm age and intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth among Japanese SMEs" 28 (28): 413-429, 2013
• 22 Miller, D, "The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms" 29 (29): 770-791, 1983
• 23 Klaas, B. S, "The adoption of human capital services by small and medium enterprises : A diffusion of innovation perspective" 25 : 349-360, 2010
• 24 Ketokivi, M, "Strategic planning as an integrative device" 49 (49): 337-365, 2004
• 25 Covin, J. G, "Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments" 10 : 75-87, 1989
• 26 Ashforth BE, "Social identity theory and the organization" 14 (14): 20-39, 1989
• 27 Goldsby, M. G, "Social cognition and corporate entrepreneurship : A framework for enhancing the role of middle-level managers" 2 (2): 17-35, 2006
• 28 Andries, P, "Small firm innovation performance and employee involvement" 43 (43): 21-38, 2014
• 29 Zahra, S. A, "Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship : An exploratory study" 6 : 259-285, 1991
• 30 Ahearne, M, "Performance impact of middle managers’adaptive strategy implementation : The role of social capital" 35 (35): 68-87, 2014
• 31 Tannenbaum, R, "Participation by subordinates on the managerial decision making process" 16 : 408-418, 1950
• 32 Thompson, J, "Organizations in Action" McGraw-Hill 1967
• 33 Mintzberg, H, "Of strategies deliberate and emergent" 6 : 257-272, 1985
• 34 George, G, "Networking Strategy of Boards : Implications for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises" 13 (13): 269-285, 2001
• 35 Hornsby, J. S, "Middle managers’ perception of the internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship : assessing a measurement scale" 17 (17): 253-273, 2002
• 36 Westley, F, "Middle managers and strategy : micro dynamics of inclusion" 11 (11): 337-352, 1990
• 37 Floyd, S. W, "Middle management involvement in strategy and its association with strategic type: A research note" 13 (13): 153-167, 1992
• 38 Chakravarthy, B, "Measuring strategic performance" 6 : 437-458, 1986
• 39 Bower, J. L, "Managing the resource allocation process" Harvard University Press 1970
• 40 King, A. W, "Managing organizational competencies for competitive advantage : The middle-management edge" 15 (15): 95-106, 2001
• 41 Ghoshal, S, "Linking organizational context and managerial action: The dimensions of quality of management" 15 (15): 91-112, 1994
• 42 Basu, R, "Leader‐member exchange and transformational leadership : an empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader-member dyads" 27 (27): 477-499, 1997
• 43 Covin, J. G, "Implementing strategic missions : Effective strategic, structural, and tactical choices" 31 (31): 481-503, 1994
• 44 D’Aveni, R. A, "Hypercompetition : Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering" The Free Press 1994
• 45 Mair, J, "Going global : How middle managers approach the process in medium-sized firms" 17 : 83-99, 2008
• 46 Uyterhoeven, H, "General managers in the middle" 67 (67): 136-145, 1972
• 47 Kollmann, T, "Filling the entrepreneurial orientation-performance gap : The mediating effects of exploratory and exploitative innovations" 38 (38): 1001-1026, 2014
• 48 McGrath, R. G, "Falling forward : Real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure" 24 (24): 13-30, 1999
• 49 Burgess, C, "Factors influencing middle managers’ ability to contribute to corporate entrepreneurship" 32 : 193-201, 2013
• 50 Dess, G. G, "Entrepreneurial strategy making and firm performance : Tests of contingency and configurational models" 18 (18): 677-695, 1997
• 51 Covin, J. G, "Entrepreneurial orientation theory and research : Reflections on a needed construct" 35 (35): 855-872, 2011
• 52 Wiklund, J, "Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance : a configurational approach" 20 (20): 71-91, 2005
• 53 Rauch, A, "Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance : An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future" 33 (33): 761-787, 2009
• 54 Smart, D. T, "Entrepreneurial Orientation, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance" 10 (10): 28-, 1994
• 55 Lyon, D. W, "Enhancing entrepreneurial orientation research : Operationalizing and measuring a key strategic decision making process" 26 (26): 1055-1085, 2000
• 56 Floyd, S. W, "Dinosaurs or dynamos? Recognizing middle management’s strategic role" 8 (8): 47-57, 1994
• 57 Zahra, S. A, "Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurship performance relationship : A longitudinal analysis" 10 (10): 43-58, 1995
• 58 Brown, S. L, "Competing on the edge: Strategy as structured chaos" Harvard Business Press 1998
• 59 Lumpkin, G. T, "Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance" 21 (21): 135-172, 1996
• 60 Hart, S. L, "An integrative framework for strategy-making processes" 17 (17): 327-351, 1992
• 61 Burgelman, R. A, "A model of the interaction of strategic behavior, corporate context, and the concept of strategy" 8 : 61-70, 1983
• 62 Covin, J. G, "A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior" 7-25, 1991
• 63 Kuratko, D. F, "A Model of Middle‐Level Managers’ Entrepreneurial Behavior" 29 (29): 699-716, 2005