독일문제와 유럽의 평화정책 = German question and a peace policy in Europe

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 1960년대 독일정책과 동방정책을 중심으로 한 평화체제 구축을 위한 노력과 구상을 분석했다. 당시 독일문제와 유럽의 분할을 연결하여 유럽의 안보 및 긴장완화를 기하려 한 브란트 수상의 구상을 중심으로 그의 안보정책과 평화
정책의 성격에 대해 규명하려 했다. 그는 1968년에 유럽의 평화정책 (Friedenspolitik in Europa)이란 저서를 저술하였고 여기에서 독일문제를 유럽차원에서 해결할 것과 유럽안보협력회의(CSCE)를 전 유럽이 신중히 수용할 것을 밝히며 북미가 반드시 참여해야 된다는 원리를 설명하고 있다. 본고는 그의 안보와 평화정책을 보다 객관적으로 규명하는데 그 연구 목적을 두었으며 그의 정책이 평화체제 구현을 위해 재통일을 일정 부분 포기한 측면을 연구했다. 또한 각 수상들의 동방정책을 비교하여 어떠한 성격을 갖고 있는지를 분석했다. 국내에서는 일반적으로 브란트의 동방정책이 통일정책으로 인식되는 경우가 많은데 그의 정책은 평화와 긴장완화정책에는 기여했으나 현상을 고착화시켰기 때문에 당시 서독에서는 분단정책이라는 비난을 받은바 있다. 그러나 바꾸기 위해 불가피한 현실을 인정한 점은 양 독일 간 긴장완화와 평화정착에 큰 기여를 하였다. 브란트는 아데나워가 기초한 든든한 외교적 토대와 미·소간 데탕트 합의라는 당시의 시대 상황을 잘 활용했다. 이를 통해 양 독일 간 이질감해소에 기여했다. 브란트는 수상이 되었을 때 비로소 독일의 패망을 절실히 실감했다고 회고한다. 이는 독일이 책임져야 하는 앞으로의 짐을 의미한다. 그리고 이러한 책임을 통감하여 그 동안에 주장했던 영토 및 외교적 대표권 등 독일의 권리를 과감히 포기함을 의미한다. 이러한 정책 노선은 주변국들과 유럽의 평화정착에 기여한 것으로 평가된다. 이렇듯 전후 각 수상들의 일련의 동방정책은 단순히 독일만의 문제에서
한정되지 않기 때문에 통일 및 이질감 해소에 대한 기여도 이외에 유럽의 평화체제구축과 당시의 시대 상황 등을 종합하여 검토해 나가야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This Study mainly analyzes the German Policy(Deutschlandpolitik) in late 1960's and early 1970's and this study also analyzes the process of easing tension through Ostpolitik. This study focuses on the Ostpolitik of the FRG(Federal Republic of Germany, hereafter FRG) in the viewpoint that Willy Brandt embodied. He wrote the A Peace
Policy for Europe in 1968. In this book, he stressed the European security conference for settlement of European peace order. In viewing the past geopolitical position of Germany, which is located in the middle of Europe, ostpolitik was an important diplomatic policy of Germany. Adenauer's ostpolitik was a policy that
did not renounce representation of Germany and did not consider Eastern Europe. He sought the political and diplomatic status of FRG that can change the status quo. so, His ostpolitik was based on strong power and priorities of the FRG. so, his ostpolitik contributed the diplomatic foundation of FRG. Brandt's ostpolitik recognized two German nations and abolished Hallstein doctrine. this doctrine was the strategy that adheres as the only one German nation, FRG. By the changing of international situation this strategy fell into a dilemma. so, Brandt tried to overcome this dilemma and he sought the coexistence with the eastern bloc. His ostpolitik aimed at a peaceful realization and easing tensions. and he enlarged the German question(die deutsche Frage)
to the European level question. and He linked German question and CSCE. Soviet needed the economic cooperation with FRG and promoted European security conference. He used the these leverage for his ostpolitik. but his ostpolitik was recognized as the division policy because, his ostpolitik recognized the GDR(German Democratic
Republic, hereafter GDR) and did not set reunification at the priority order. Brandt brought on lawsuit by the federal constitutional court in 1973. His ostpolitik violated the unification policy that was provided in the fundamental law of FRG, but the court abandoned this case. The first thing, Brandt's ostpolitik accepted the status quo to change that situation in Germany. Brandt could promote his policy by Adenauer's diplomatic foundation and the situation at that time that Détente between U.S. and Soviet. It is very interesting that GDR promoted interception policy (Abgrenzung) against brandt's ostpolitik. The government of GDR felt the crisis of the government system collapse. Brandt remembered that he felt Germany was defeated entirely when he was elected chancellor. This means Germany should abandon the previous rights like territorial rights and reunification etc. In reality, at that time the FRG tried to approach the German question through ostpolitik that abandoned the rights of Germany and used the political and economic leverage .

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 아데나워 시기의 동방정책
• Ⅲ. 브란트가 구상한 유럽의 평화정책
• Ⅳ. 브란트 시기의 동방정책과 독일문제 접근
• Ⅴ. 전후 동방정책의 성격
• Ⅵ. 맺음말

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