基于语料库的现代汉语“X+穿”构式研究 = A Corpus-Based Study of the ‘X+Chuan’ Construction in Modern Chinese

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本文结合CCL语料库，以“X+穿”构式为研究对象，对其语义类型及历时演变轨迹做出了全面而深入的分析。首先，在语义类型层面，“X+穿”构式可细化为四大子构式：具体穿透义“X1+穿1”构式、抽象穿透义“X2+穿2”构式、抽象显露义“X3+穿3”构式，及抽象突破义“X4+穿4”构式。其中，抽象穿透义“X2+穿2”构式可进一步细分为夸张穿透义“X2a+穿2a”构式和主观穿透义“X2b+穿2b”构式；抽象显露义“X3+穿3”构式又可再细分为抽象败露义“X3a+穿3a”构式和抽象透彻义“X3b+穿3b”构式。其次，通过对各个子构式的历时演变考察后可以发现，承载具体穿透义的“X1+穿1”构式最早可追溯至先秦、两汉时期，随后在隋唐时期演化为可分离式述补结构“X+W+穿”，并最终于明清时期发展成熟；表“抽象穿透义”的“X2+穿2”构式则初现于宋元时期，其下的“X2a+穿2a”与“X2b+穿2b”两个子类分别在清朝及近现代达到成熟阶段；至于表“抽象败露义”的“X3a+穿3a”构式出现于明末清初，而表“抽象透彻义”的“X3b+穿3b”构式则稍晚出现于清朝中后期；尤为特殊的是，表“抽象突破义”的“X4+穿4”构式出现于20世纪90年代财经报刊文本中，体现了该构式在新时代语言环境下的创新和发展。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The study was conducted to analyze in-depth the semantic types and diachronic changes of the X+穿 construction based on the CCL corpus in modern Chinese. First, examining its semantic characteristics, the ‘X+穿’ construction can be categorized into four sub-constructions: “concrete penetration meaning” (hereafter ‘X+穿1’), “abstract penetration meaning” (hereafter ‘X+穿2’), “abstract exposure meaning” (hereafter ‘X+穿3’), and “abstract excess meaning” (hereafter ‘X+穿4’). The ‘X+穿2’ can be divided into an exaggerated meaning ‘X2a+穿2a’ and a subjective meaning ‘X2b+穿2b’, while the ‘X+穿3’ can also be divided into “abstract disclosure” meaning ‘X3a+穿3a’ and “abstract detection” meaning ‘X3b+穿3b’.
Next, from a diachronic perspective, examining each sub-construction shows that the ‘concrete penetration’ meaning of ‘X+穿1’, which appeared early during the Pre-Qin and Han dynasties, expanded into a separable verb-object structure ‘X+W+穿’ during the Sui and Tang dynasties, and became a widely used expression by the Ming and Qing dynasties. The ‘X+穿2’ first appeared in the Song and Yuan dynasties, with its sub-constructions ‘X2a+穿2a’ and ‘X2b+穿2b’ becoming established during the Qing dynasty and modern times. Regarding ‘X+穿3’, the “abstract disclosure” meaning ‘X3a+穿3a’ emerged in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, while the “abstract detection” meaning ‘X3b+穿3b’ appeared somewhat later in the mid-to-late Qing dynasty. Notably, the ‘X+穿4’ construction, representing “abstract excess”, has been frequently observed in economic and financial texts from the 1990s. This result indicates that this construction has adapted to the modern language context.

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