E.H. 카와 소비에트 러시아 = E.H. Carr and Soviet Russia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

E. H. Carr is widely recognized in Korea as a scholar in philosophy of history due to the popularity of one of his works, What is History? But if we consider his broad interests in academic fields as well as various careers outside the university, we can find that Carr`s identification as such has just displayed small portion of his achievements. What is history? of course is one of Carr`s most successful works, but it could be written in the process of completion of his masterpiece, History of Soviet Russia. Given such background of Carr`s whole careers, I attempt to reconstruct his views on history through the prism of his fascination with the history of Soviet Russia. It was the literary works of Tolstoy, Pushkin, Turgenev that led Carr to encounter with the spirit of Russia. Those Russian intellectuals provided him with the chances to reevaluate the value of liberalism in which he was grown up. After the Russian Revolution had occurred and the Soviet system had established, Carr`s interests has shifted to more specific instances such as the First Five-Year Plan of Economic Development and Collectivization. From his perspective, Soviet Russia had launched the great leap to the future, whereas the western countries inflicted by the Great Depression had been at a loss. He thought that through those experiments Soviet Russia could amass the power that would contribute to the defeat of Hitler`s Germany in the World War II. Carr`s favorable attitude to the Soviet Russia in the Cold War period raised criticism, according to which he was criticized as “a tool of the Soviet Russia that praised Stalin`s vicious crimes.” But it was not his firm belief in ideology that led him to the positive evaluation on the Soviet system. He thought that Soviet Russia could suggest one clue with which the western capitalist system could solve its internal problems. His definition on “objectivity” also had something to do with this kind of thinking. “Objective historians” should try to represent the past in connection with the progressive future. As such, Carr had maintained his way of thinking in contrast to general atmosphere of academic field. He believed that maintaining such position would be beneficial to his country as well as to the future of capitalism. In that sense, Carr should not be dismissed as a historian who once advocated the useless ideology of the past, but a historian who seriously sought a way to progress his society to which he belonged.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 카, E.H., "역사란 무엇인가" 까치 1997
• 2 박원용, "사회진보를 확신했던 역사가, 에드워드 카" 역사문제연구소 (84) : 300-320, 2008
• 3 권현익, "또 하나의 냉전: 인류학으로 본 냉전의 역사" 민음사 2013
• 4 리처드 오버리, "독재자들: 히틀러 대 스탈린, 권력 작동의 비밀" 교양인 2008
• 5 카, "낭만의 망명객" 까치 1980
• 6 데이비드 캐너다인, "굿바이 E. H. 카" 푸른역사 2002
• 7 김기봉, "‘역사란 무엇인가’를 넘어서" 푸른역사 2000
• 8 Carr, Edward H., "The Russian Revolution and the West" 111 : 1978
• 9 "Spectator"
• 10 David-Fox, Michael, "Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy & Western Visitors to the Soviet Unions 1921-1941" Oxford University Press 2012
• 11 Carr, Edward H., "Nationalism and After" Macmillan 1945
• 12 Berlin, Isaiah, "Mr. Carr's Big Battalions" 5 : 1962
• 13 Carr, Edward H., "Michael Bakunin" Macmillan 1937
• 14 Carr, Edward H., "Foundations of A Planned Economy 1926-1929, vol. 2" Macmillan 1971
• 15 "Fortnightly Review"
• 16 전재성, "E. H. 카아의 비판적 현실주의 국제정치이론" 33 : 391-408, 1999
• 17 김택현, "E. H. 카아와 지식/권력으로서의 역사(학)" 영국사학회 9 : 223-246, 2003
• 18 조너선 해슬럼, "E. H. 카 평전" 삼천리 2012
• 19 Davies, R. W., "E. H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal" Macmillan 2004
• 20 Carr, Edward H., "Dostoevsky (1821-1881): A New Biography" Houghton Mifflin 1931
• 21 "Christian Science Monitor"