사용자 중심 공간 경험 개선을 위한 경험 매핑 방법론 연구 = Experience Mapping Methodology for Improving User-Centered Spatial Experience

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구배경 공간 및 건축 분야에서 사용자의 역할이 수용자에서 참여자로 확대되면서, 공간 사용자 경험(User Experience)의 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 공간 경험은 공간 자체의 물리성 외 사용자와의 상호작용 또한 포괄하기에 객관성과 주관성을 모두 갖추고 있다. 그러나 기존의 건축적 공간 분석 방법은 공간의 수치와 구조적 상관관계에 기반하여 공간 내부에서 발생하는 사용자의 세부적 경험을 파악하기 어려운 실정이다. 사용자 주변의 환경적 측면에 대한 연구나, 공간 개선을 위해 사용자 관점을 도입하는 체계적 과정에 대한 연구 또한 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구는 공간 내부의 거시적, 미시적 경험을 관찰을 통해 객관적으로 파악하고, 이를 시공간에 매핑(mapping)하여 분석하는 구조적인 방법을 제시하고자 한다.
연구방법 연구는 4단계로 나누어 진행되었다. 첫째, 문헌 연구를 통해 공간 경험과 공간 경험의 구성 요소를사용자, 행동, 상호작용, 이동, 상황, 환경, 사물 7가지로 정의하고, 공간 경험 데이터 수집을 위한 사용자 행동 관찰법 유형을 파악했다. 둘째, 공간 경험 구성 요소를 중심으로 사용자 경험을 수집할 수 있는 별도의 체계와 틀을수립하였다. 셋째, 실제 관찰 기반 사용자 조사를 진행하여 해당 체계를 검증하고 구체화했다. 마지막으로 공간내 사용자의 동선, 공간 활용도, 이용 여정 3가지 방식의 경험 매핑으로 공간 경험을 구조화하고, 이를 통합하여하나의 방법론으로 제안하였다.
연구결과 본 연구는 공간 경험에 대해 공간 중심의 물리적이고 거시적인 측면과, 내부 사용자와 주변 환경 사이의 관계에 기반한 미시적인 측면이 상호적 영향 관계 내에서 공존한다고 정의했다. 또한 경험 분석을 위해 공간 경험 구성 요소를 사용자, 행동, 상호작용, 이동, 상황, 환경, 사물 7가지로 도출하고 각 요소의 하위 구성 요소를 분류했다. 각 공간 경험 요소는 맥락 중심 직/간접관찰, 사건 중심 직/간접 관찰을 통해 수집했으며, 경험 요소를 중심으로 수집한 공간 경험 데이터는 3가지 경험 매핑의 형태로 구조화했다. 3가지 경험 매핑은 첫째, 공간 내사용자의 동선 매핑, 둘째, 사용자의 공간 활용 매핑, 셋째, 사용자의 공간 이용 여정 매핑으로 구분되며 동선 매핑은 공간 경험의 거시적 측면을, 이용 여정 매핑은 공간 경험의 미시적 측면을, 공간 활용 매핑은 복합적 측면을이해하는 데 사용된다. 이를 바탕으로 공간 경험 데이터 수집 및 분석을 위한 프로세스와 3가지 경험 매핑을 구조화한 통합된 공간 경험 매핑을 제시하였다.
결론 본 연구는 공간 경험과 경험의 구성 요소를 재정의하고, 이에 기반하여 공간 경험 데이터를 사용자행동 관찰을 통해 객관적으로 수집하였으며, 경험 매핑의 방식으로 체계적인 분석을 수행하였다. 종합하여 공간경험 개선을 위한 경험 데이터 수집 및 분석의 프로세스와, 공간 경험 매핑 방식을 별도의 방법론으로 제안하였다. 본 연구를 통해 구체화된 공간 경험 매핑 방법론은 향후 관련 분야에서 보다 명확한 프로세스와 분석의 틀을토대로 사용자 관점의 경험을 파악할 수 있도록 기반을 제공할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background As user roles in architecture evolve from mere occupants to active participants, the significance of user experience in the related fields grow. Spatial experience involves the physicality of space and user interactions, blending objectivity and subjectivity. However, existing architectural spatial analysis struggles to capture detailed user experiences, relying heavily on numerical correlations.
Additionally, there is a current research gap in environmental aspects and systematic processes for the user perspective in spatial improvement. This study aims to present a structured methodology for objectively capturing macroscopic and microscopic user experiences through observation, mapping them onto the spatiotemporal domain for thorough analysis.
Methods This study is comprised of four phases. First, a literature review defined spatial experience and its elements into seven categories, identifying various user behavior observation methods for collecting spatial experience data. Second, a systematic framework was established for collecting user experiences, with a focus on the elements of spatial experience. Third, actual observation research was conducted to validate and refine this framework. Fourth, spatial experiences were structured through three types of experience mapping: user movement flow, spatial utility, and user journey within the space.
These mappings were then integrated.
Results This study defined spatial experience as the coexistence of spatial-centric physical and macroscopic aspects and micro-level aspects, driven by the interactive relationship between internal users and the surrounding environment. Elements of spatial experience, such as Actor, Activity, Interaction, Movement, Scene, Environment, and Object, were identified, and subcomponents for each were classified.
Spatial experience data, collected through context-centered direct/indirect and event-centered direct/ indirect observation, were structured into three experience mappings: user movement flow, spatial utility, and user journeys. User movement flow mapping focused on macroscopic aspects, user journey mapping on microscopic aspects, and spatial utility mapping aimed at a composite perspective. The study proposed a process for collecting and analyzing spatial experience data, along with a unified spatial experience mapping that integrates the three types of mappings.
Conclusions This study redefines spatial experience and its elements, objectively collecting spatial experience data through user behavior observation, and systematically analyzes them through experience mapping. In conclusion, a process for data collection and analysis of spatial experience and a spatial experience mapping methodology are proposed. The refined spatial experience mapping methodology presented in this study can serve as a foundation for understanding user perspectives in related fields by providing a clearer framework and process for data collection and analysis.

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