차력, 강신(降神)과 약물을 통한 인간 몸의 변환과 신적 세계의 구현 - 19세기 중반 조선의 차력의 초기양상과 계보에 대한 연구 = Transformation of the Human Body and Realization of the Divine World through Possession of Gods and Medicine - On the Early Aspects and Genealogy of the Charyeok of Joseon in the Mid-19th Century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As its literal translation suggests, Charyeok aims to “borrow strength[借力]” and demonstrate physical strength beyond the human level, the first Charyeok(借力) of Joseon, which appeared in the mid-19th century, was a combination of Charyeok medicine and the Taoist Magico-Ritual techniques to be possessed with the gods. Charyeok-Yak was developed for the purpose of helping people to be obsessed with gods and strengthening yang qi, thereby exercising powerful strength beyond the human level and transforming a human being into a form similar to a Taoist immortal.
Oju-yeonmun-jangjeon-sango(『五洲衍文長箋散稿』) and Songnam-japji(『松南雜識』) from the mid-19th century are literature containing the early forms of Charyeok, and Gimoondungapjangsinbeop(『奇門遁甲藏身法』) is a collection of books by various magicians who practiced both Taoist Magico-Ritual techniques of illusion(幻術) and Charyeok, and was published in 1930. This published book is an important document that traces the form and formation process of the early Charyeok. Through the title of the book ‘Gimoondungapjangsinbeop’ and the techniques contained in it, it can be seen that it was formed at the point where the following two processes converge; one is that this book shows that among Gimoondungap(奇門遁甲), Dungap(遁甲), which focuses on Taoist Magico-Ritual techniques of illusion, takes precedence and the use of the name Dungap becomes prominent; the other is that the process of including several other unrelated Taoist Magico-Ritual techniques of illusion in Gimoondungap. It can also be seen that Charyeok included in this book was also formed through the same process.
Before it was named Charyeok, a prehistorical form of this technique existed, recognized as one of the Taoist Magico-Ritual techniques of illusion, which involve controlling the ghosts at will through possession of gods. Afterwards, Charyeok was created by combining Charyeok-Yak, which was invented through a change in the idea of changing the human body that receives gods and exerts power, with the existing Taoist Magico-Ritual Techniques, which gain power through possession of gods. For this purpose, Charyeok-Yak was developed in a way that has the effect of facilitating possession of gods to communicate with gods of heaven and earth and the effect of supplementing yang qi to the human body to become the Taoist immortal composed of pure yang qi. Charyeok is associated with attempts to change the human body and, beyond that, to change the society in which humans live, and became very popular and disseminated in Joseon society.