Newborn traits associated with pre-weaning growth and survival in piglets

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: Piglet pre-weaning mortality is an important variable indicating the efficacy of farrowing management and animal well-being during lactation. The present study determined the association of newborn traits measured soon after birth with piglet pre-weaning mortality and growth.
Methods: In total, 805 piglets born from 57 multiparous sows were investigated. Their blood oxygen saturation, blood glucose and rectal temperature at 24 h after birth (RT24h) were monitored. Birth order, sex, skin color, integrity of the umbilical cord, attempts to stand and birth intervention were monitored. Piglets were weighed at day 0, 7, and 21 to evaluate average daily gain (ADG).
Results: Piglet pre-weaning mortality for lactation period was 12.6% and cumulative mortality during the first 7 days of age was 8.6%. A higher proportion of piglets with pale skin color died compared to piglets with normal skin color (26.7% vs 7.7%, p<0.001). A higher (p<0.001) proportion of piglets that attempted to stand after 5 min (38.5%) died compared to piglets that attempted to stand within 1 min (6.3%) after birth. Piglet body weight at birth (BWB), blood glucose and the number of piglets born alive (BA) were correlated with ADG (p<0.05). Piglets with BWB <1.30 kg had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate than piglets with BWB≥1.80 kg (19.0% vs 3.3%) and piglets with BWB 1.30 to 1.79 kg (4.0%). Piglet with RT24h <37.0°C had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate (86.2%) than piglets with RT24h >38.5°C (3.9%).
Conclusion: Low BWB and low RT24h compromise piglet survival during the lactation period in the tropical conditions. Piglets in the litters with a high BA, low BWB and low blood glucose have reduced ADG.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 Quiniou N, "Variation of piglets' birth weight and consequences on subsequent performance" 78 : 63-70, 2002
• 2 Pedersen LJ, "The influence of the thermal environment and other early life events on growth rate of piglets during lactation" 9 : 1529-1535, 2015
• 3 SAS Institute Inc, "SAS User's guide. Statistics version 9.0" 1996
• 4 Leenhouwers JI, "Progress of farrowing and early postnatal pig behavior in relation to genetic merit for pig survival" 79 : 1416-1422, 2001
• 5 Shankar BP, "Pre-weaning mortality in pig-causes and management" 2 : 236-239, 2009
• 6 Rootwelt V, "Postpartum deaths: piglet, placental, and umbilical characteristics" 91 : 2647-2656, 2013
• 7 Decaluwe R, "Piglets'colostrum intake associates with daily weight gain and survival until weaning" 162 : 185-192, 2014
• 8 Nuntapaitoon M, "Piglets pre-weaning mortality in a commercial swine herd in Thailand" 47 : 1539-1546, 2015
• 9 Muns R, "Piglet behaviour as a measure of vitality and its influence on piglet survival and growth during lactation" 91 : 1838-1843, 2013
• 10 Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, "Nutrient requirements of swine" National Academy Press 2012
• 11 Muns R, "Non-infectious causes of pre-weaning mortality in piglets" 184 : 46-57, 2016
• 12 Panzardi A, "Newborn piglet traits associated with survival and growth performance until weaning" 110 : 206-213, 2013
• 13 Theil PK, "Lactation, milk and suckling;Nutritional physiology of pigs" 49-, 2012
• 14 Baxter EM, "Investigating the behavioural and physiological indicators of neonatal survival in pigs" 69 : 773-783, 2008
• 15 Quesnel H, "Influence of some sow characteristics on within-litter variation of piglet birth weight" 2 : 1842-1849, 2008
• 16 Devillers N, "Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity" 5 : 1605-1612, 2011
• 17 Knox R, "Getting to 30 pigs weaned/sow/year" 47-59, 2005
• 18 Johansen M, "Factors associated with sucking piglet average daily gain" 63 : 91-102, 2004
• 19 Devillers N, "Estimation of colostrum intake in the neonatal pig" 78 : 305-313, 2004
• 20 Campos PHRF, "Effects of sow nutrition during gestation on within-litter birth weight variation: a review" 6 : 797-806, 2012
• 21 Herpin P, "Effect of the level of asphyxia during delivery on viability at birth and early postnatal vitality of newborn pigs" 74 : 2067-2075, 1996
• 22 Tuchscherer M, "Early identification of neonates at risk: traits of newborn piglets with respect to survival" 54 : 371-388, 2000
• 23 Vallet JL, "Comparison of myelination between large and small pig fetuses during late gestation" 132 : 50-57, 2012
• 24 Pedersen LJ, "Avoiding hypothermia in neonatal pigs: effect of duration of floor heating at different room temperatures" 91 : 425-432, 2013