1차 체첸 전쟁(1994-1996)의 원인, 과정과 그 성격: 역사적 함의, 민족 독립 운동, 그리고 이슬람 요소를 중심으로 = The Cause, Process and Characteristics of the First Chechen War (1994-1996) Focusing on Historical Implications, National Independence Movement, and Islamic Elements

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 1차 체첸 전쟁의 원인, 과정, 그리고 그 성격을 전쟁의 역사적 함의, 민족 독립 운동, 이슬람 요소를 중심으로 분석하는 내용으로 구성되었다. 이 논고는 전체적으로 1차 체첸 전쟁의 과정과 성격을 중점적으로 분석하였는데, 1차 전쟁은 왜 발생했으며 전쟁의 과정이 어떻게 진행되었는가를 규명하였다. 그리고 전쟁의 역사적, 정치적 함의와 서사, 러시아와 체첸의 역사적 관계의 특징을 서술하였다. 1차 체첸 전쟁은 카프카스 전쟁의 연속선상에서 이해될 수 있다. 민족 독립적 성격이 강했기 때문이다. 이슬람 담론은 2차 전쟁 때에 더 강하게 부각되었다.
1994년 옐친 대통령은 분리 독립을 외치던 체첸을 공격했다. 그런데 체첸 지역의 거대한 전투는 1990년대에만 발생한 사건이 아니었으며, 19세기 카프카스 전쟁 이후 130년 만에 다시 등장한 사건이었다. 카프카스 전쟁의 연속선상에서 체첸 전쟁이 있었다. 물론 130 년의 시간이 짧은 기간은 아니었지만, 그 시기는 제정러시아가 체첸 등 북카프카스 사회를 점령한 기간이었고, 이후 볼셰비키 혁명 이후 체첸은 러시아공화국에 속했다. 1차 체첸 전쟁의 성격은 체첸 민족의 전면전이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis consists of analyzing the cause, process, and nature of the first Chechen war, focusing on the historical implications of the war, the national independence movement, and Islamic elements. This paper focused on analyzing the process and nature of the 1st Chechen War as a whole, and clarified why the 1st war occurred and how the war progressed. And the historical implications and narrative of the war, and the characteristics of the historical relationship between Russia and Chechnya were described. The 1st Chechen War can be understood along the continuation of the Caucasus War. It was because of the strong national independence character. Islamic discourse emerged more strongly during the Second War.
In 1994, President Yeltsin attacked Chechnya, which was demanding independence. However, the huge battle in Chechnya was not an event that occurred only in the 1990s, and it was an event that reappeared 130 years after the Caucasus War in the 19th century. The Chechen War followed the Caucasus War. Of course, 130 years was not a short period of time, but it was during the period when Russia occupied North Caucasus, including Chechnya, and after the Bolshevik Revolution, Chechnya belonged to the Russian Republic. The nature of the first Chechen war was an total war for the Chechen people.

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