미국-이란 핵 갈등과 미국의 에너지 안보

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The United States as a hegemonic power should stop the nuclear spread and secure the flow of oil into the global market. Iran's nuclear ambitions and strategic use of oil can deteriorate America's leadership in military and economic areas. By developing its nuclear plans and economic cooperation with China and Russia, Iran is eager to protect itself from U.S. containment or military attack. On the contrary, U.S. threatens the use of military force to destroy Iran's nuclear facilities. However, the threat of military action is aimed at protecting Iran's energy resources as well as eliminating its nuclear programs. In spite of its remarks of preventive strike, U.S. is less likely to choose that strategy because it may make the Persian Gulf unstable and stir counterbalancing against U.S.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

에너지 수요의 폭발적 증가로 석유 자원을 확보하려는 각 국가들의 노력이 더욱 강화되고 있고, 자원전쟁이라고 할 만큼 갈등이 심화되고 있다. 유일패권국인 미국은 적대적 관계에 있는 이란의 핵활동과 석유 자원의 안보전략적 활용이 군사 및 에너지 안보에서 매우 심각한 위협이 되고 있다고 판단한다. 반대로 이란은 자국의 안보와 생존을 위해 핵개발과 에너지 자원을 안보외교의 수단으로 적극 이용하고 있다. 이란은 핵활동 관련 중국과 러시아로부터 외교적, 기술적으로 지원받기 위해 자원 외교를 구사하고 경제 협력을 추진함으로써 미국에 대항하는 ‘연성세력균형’ 체제를 구축하려고 한다. 미국은 에너지 안보와 경제적 지도력을 확보하기 위해 이란의 핵개발에 따른 위협을 과장하거나 확대하면서 강압외교와 물리력 사용의 가능성을 언급하고 있다. 하지만 미국은 이라크의 국내 혼란과 아프칸 전쟁, 세계 고유가, 국제사회의 여론 등을 감안한다면, 대이란 전략으로 봉쇄 혹은 협상보다 군사력 사용을 선호하기 쉽지 않다.

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