개발효과성 이론으로 본 신흥경제국의 남남협력 참여: BRICS, IBSA, BASIC의 남남협력과 개발효과성에 대한 소고 = Emerging Economies and the Development Effectiveness Paradigm: A Comparative Analysis of BRICS, IBSA and BASIC in South-South Cooperation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to analyse how BRICS, IBSA and BASIC have contributed to effective development cooperation in South-South cooperation. In order to do this, the research has explored theoretical approach of development effectiveness and South-South cooperation discussions. Findings have shown that the development effectiveness of South-South cooperation is limited in line with the OECD DAC principles such as the Paris Declaration and Busan Global Partnership. However, considering that South-South cooperation is operational by horizontal partnerships and solidarity within the South, it has contributed to the development process in recipient countries. For instance, emerging economies as donor countries within the South-South cooperation mechanism have promoted recipients' ownership by respecting their development needs, and have contributed to provide various development models by knowledge sharing and mutual learning processes.
However, it does not seem that BRICS, IBSA and BASIC have contributed to the horizontal partnership in South-South cooperation. On one hand, BRICS, IBSA and BASIC were not originally created on the basis of development cooperation purposes, but rather for investment and trade, and further for the power game in the international economics. Nevertheless, it can be expected that BRICS, IBSA and BASIC can play leading roles in South-South cooperation with their expansion in the future as well as with more systemic institutional development. Yet, it is noteworthy that stronger institutional platforms of BRICS, IBSA and BASIC should be implemented in a way to promote horizontal solidarity with recipient countries.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 개발효과성 이론에서 강조되고 있는 남남협력에 대해 알아보고, 이를 중심으로 남남협력의 공여국 역할을 하는 신흥경제국 협의체인 BRICS, IBSA, BASIC의 특징과 이들의 남남협력에 대한 기여여부를 비교분석 하였다. 남남협력 메커니즘은 ‘수평적 파트너십’과 ‘연대의식’을 중심으로 해석하였을 때 수원국의 개발에 기여하는 부분이 강하다고 볼 수 있다. 즉, 남남협력은 개발효과성 이론에서 중요시하는 수원국의 주인의식과 지식공유와 같은 틀에서 보았을 때 기존의 전통적인 북-남 협력보다 더욱 효과적이라 평가할 수 있다. 이는 남남협력을 통해 신흥경제국은 수원국의 주인의식을 고취하고, 수원국은 신흥경제국의 발전경험에 대한 지식공유와 상호학습을 통해 다양한 개발모델을 활용할 수 있기 때문이다.
그러나 신흥경제국의 협의체인 BRICS, IBSA, BASIC을 중심으로 살펴본 결과, 이들 협의체는 남남협력에서 강조되는 수평적 파트너십을 유지하고 있지 않다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이들 협의체는 OECD DAC 또는 세계은행과 같이 수원국에 대한 우위의 위치에서 개발협력에 참여하고 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이들 협의체는 아직 체계적인 제도가 마련되지 않은 상황에서 선진공여국의 협의체에 비해 비교적 느슨한 형태의 협력이 이루어지고 있다는 점을 감안하여, 향후 BRICS, IBSA, BASIC의 공식적인 체계가 갖추어진다면 남남협력의 모델을 통해 선진공여국 협의체를 보완하는 역할을 하면서 개발효과성 이론에서 중요시하는 원칙들을 중심으로 향후 개도국의 전반적인 발전을 위해 기여할 수 있을 것이라고 보여진다.

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