논문 : 미(美) 군정(軍政) 공보기구(公報機構) 조직의 변천(1945. 8~1948. 5) = The Transformation of Functions and Systems of Public Information Organizations in the US Army Military Government in Korea(1945. 8~1948 .5)
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2010
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
911
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
367-436(70쪽)
제공처
소장기관
This thesis examined the transformation of functions and systems of public information organizations in the USAMGIK and USAFIK from 1945 to 1948. Through analyzing the public information organizations, I found that the public information program of USAMGIK was operated mainly in Seoul at first, but as time goes on it was spread throughout the country, and the nature of public information program was changed from disseminating USAMGIK policy information to selling the American ideology. In addition, I emphasized a political side of the public information program of USAMGIK by focusing on collecting and evaluating the information of South Korea political activities. The Psychological Warfare Detachment, AFPAC which operated at Manila in World War II came to Korea and took over the Office of Information of Japanese Government General in Korea and renamed it the Department of Public Information (DPI). This organization had engaged in research of political information and information of a public nature and controlled over media, and as a result influenced South Korea politics. Since the media were supplied over the cities, however, public information program through the mass media had its limits. When so-called ``October Resistances`` occurred, US Forces in Korea recognized that they should extend the information of military government`s policies to the countryside. Therefore they asked US Government to support, and extended DPI. Thus US Government sent experts in propaganda to Korea and they exercised the counter-propaganda against leftists who were opposing USAMGIK policies. At the beginning of 1947, it was decided that the Joint Soviet-American Commission would be resumed. Thus USAMGIK had to cope with the anti-trusteeship movements of the Right wing and pro-communist propaganda movements of the Left wing which would work to ruin the success of the conference. Also USAMGIK had to make Koreans support the success of the conference. For this reason, US Army in Korea established Speakers` Section under the Public Relations Office, USAFIK. People in this section went throughout the South Korea and publicized the US policies regarding Korea and the opinion of USAMGIK. With the Koreanizaton of USAMGIK, Korean government began its transition period from US military government rule to the Korean Interim Legislative Assembly, and American officials in DPI were replaced by Korean citizens. Thus USAMGIK established a new information organization based on the Speakers` Section, the Office of Civil Information (DCI) under the USAFIK on May 1947. The mission of OCI was selling the American ideology and publicizing the US policy regarding Korea so that Korea can remain American-friendly nation even after the US forces in Korea leave this country. And also OCI emphasized the counter-propaganda against that of Soviet. As OCI was established, public information organizations were separated into DPI, the Korean Interim Legislative Assembly, and OCI, the USAFIK. Koreans were in charge of the former, and the latter were in charge of Americans. Even though public information organizations were separated like this, Americans still controlled DPI activities and the core functions such as research and analysis, press releases were transferred to OCI. Meanwhile, US public information policies regarding Korea were intensified when US Government decided to solve the Korean issue by herself without agreement of the Soviet. With political and material support, OCI began its operations on September 1947. As UN passed a bill that there would be a general election only within South Korea, OCI took over the mission that publicizing the election and making Koreans vote. Therefore US military forces in Korea established branches of OCI throughout the country. From March to May, 1948, OCI branches extended publication for election to Gun and Myon throughout the country. After the election, OCI and OCI branches changed their functions to cultural activities and became community centers introducing American culture. On September 1949 US embassy in Korea took them over and renamed them USIS (United States Information Service).
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