연령층별 주거실태 및 자가보유 결정요인 -부·울·경 지역을 중심으로- = Residential Conditions and Determinants of Home Ownership by Age Group - Focusing on Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 부산, 울산, 경남지역의 연령층별 주거실태를 분석하고 청년, 중장년, 고령층의 자가보유 결정요인이 무엇인지를 실증분석하였다. 분석자료는 통계청의 주거실태조사자료를 이용하였으며 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부울경지역의 주거실태를 분석한 결과 부산지역이 울산과 경남지역보다 주거실태가 상대적으로 열악한 것으로 나타났으며, 연령층은 중장년층과 고령층에 비해 청년층의 주거실태가 상대적으로 열악한 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 수도권과 부울경지역의 자가보유 결정요인을 분석한 결과, 고령층, 균등화경상소득, 자영업, 남자, 가구원 수 변수는 자가보유 결정에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 청년층, 임시일용직, 대졸이상 변수는 자가보유 결정에 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 청년층(-)은 수도권(0.197배)이 부울경(0.202배)보다 자가보유율이 더 낮았으며, 임시일용직(-)은 수도권(0.717배)이 부울경(0.600배)지역에 비해 자가보유율이 약(0.117배)낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부울경지역의 자가보유 결정요인을 추정한 결과 청년층(-)은 부산(0.186배)지역의 자가보유율이 울산(0.290)과 경남(0.200)에 비해 낮았으며, 임시일용직(-)은 경남(0.563배)지역이 울산(0.612)과 부산(0.601배)에 비해 자가보유율이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 부울경지역은 중장년층과 고령층에 비해 청년층이, 상용직과 자영업에 비해 임시일용직이 자가보유율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 우리에게 주거는 휴식과 안정을 누리는 삶의 공간이며 삶의 질을 결정하는 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 청년층의 주거안정은 출산율에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 또한 임시일용직 근로자의 자가보유비율이 낮다는 것은 사회적으로 상용직 근로자와의 차별로 보여질 수 있다. 따라서 지자체는 청년층과 임시일용직 근로자의 자가보유율 높이기 위해서 부울경 청년을 위한 양질의 일자리를 마련하여 임시일용직의 비율을 낮추고 이와 함께 청년을 위한 일자리 연계형 지원주택을 적극적으로 지원하는 정책이 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study analyzed the housing conditions in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam regions and empirically analyzed the factors determining homeownership among the young, middle-aged, and elderly. The analysis data used was the housing survey data from Statistics Korea, and the analysis results of this study are as follows. First, the variables that exerted significant positive factors on self-ownership decisions in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam regions were the elderly, equivalent current income, self-employment, and number of household members.Variables that exert significant negative elements were analyzed as variables for the youth and temporary daily workers. Second, looking at the estimated coefficients of each variable, focusing on the age group variable and work type variable, which are the core variables of this study, are as follows.In the Busan region, it was analyzed that the probability of self-ownership was higher for older people than for middle-aged people, for self-employed people rather than regular workers.In addition, it was analyzed that the probability of self-ownership was lower for younger people than for middle-aged people and for temporary daily workers rather than regular workers.In the Ulsan region, it was analyzed that the probability of self-ownership was higher for older people than middle-aged people, for self-employed people rather than full-time workers.In addition, the probability of self-ownership was found to be lower for younger people than middle-aged people and for temporary daily workers rather than regular workers.In the Gyeongnam region, the probability of self-ownership was higher for older people than middle-aged people, for self-employed people rather than regular workers.In addition, the probability of self-ownership was found to be lower for younger people than for middle-aged people and for temporary daily workers rather than regular workers. Third, these estimation results control the variables that affect the decision to own homeownership, such as equivalised current income, gender, education, number of household members, and year.It also shows that the probability of owning one's own property is lower in the younger age group than in the middle-aged and elderly.It also shows that the probability of self-ownership is lower when the work type is temporary or daily rather than full-time or self-employed.Therefore, local governments in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam regions need housing support policies along with quality jobs to increase the self-ownership rate of young people and temporary daily workers.