음식의 역사와 글로벌 히스토리- 음식 역사의 연구사와 세계사 서술을 중심으로 - = The History of Food and Global History - Focused on the Historiography of the History of Food and the Writing of the World History -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis is aimed to review the Global history and the history of food history, and to produce a few proposals. I have two results as followings.
As a scholarly field, food studies is very import the general on the one hand, and the particular, on the other. This thesis reviews scholarship connecting the histories of food and of human mobility in order to think about how and under what circumstance food practices ‘spread’ or ‘diffuse’ among many or all human societies. I have basically looked up the books of Patrick Manning, Ross Dunn, Adrian Carton, and Jeffrey M. Pilcher.
I have especially stressed three periods. Firstly, it is the earliest or Paleolithic(Stone Age) periods and humans. Secondly, it is Columbian exchange and 19th and 20th century. And lastly, it is our present period. The three cases explored briefly here suggest that each of the food regimes considered-foraging, international commerce in staple foodstuffs, and fast food(McDonaldization)-has been associated with a distinctive mobility regime. So, I suggest that new high school’s world history texts are contained theses contents.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 음식의 역사와 인간의 유동성과 관련하여 연구사를 중심으로 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 고등학교 동아시아사와 세계사 교과서 목차에 대한 간단한 제언을 하였다. 크게 세 시기로 나누어 살펴보았다.
먼저, 선사 시대 인류사와 관련하여, 정주주의의 개념을 거부하면, 수렵과 채집, 유목민 및 목축업자의 중요성을 인식할 수 있고 나아가 토인비식 문명사 서술에서도 벗어날 수 있다. 음식을 찾아 나선 초기 인류의 이주와 다양성은 인류사의 엔진 역할을 하였다. 새로운 세계사는 선사시대로 더 확장되어야 하며, 이는 글로벌히스토리와 나아가 빅 히스토리의 가능성까지도 열어 준다.
둘째, 문화 이동, 전파, 확산, 채용 및 발명을 음식과 이주의 문제와 연관시켜서볼 때 그것은 매우 복잡한 문제이다. 지구화를 문화적, 무역적 관계망의 공고화의의미로 받아들인다면 요리 형태로는 이미 수세기간 지속되었다. 오히려 콜럼버스교환 시기는 제국주의자나 정복자에 의한 차용된 상품과 간접적 확산에 대한 이야기일 수도 있다. 다만, 19세기와 20세기 대규모 이주시기 동안에는 이주자들뿐만아니라 내국인 혹은 모국인들도 이주자들이 전파한 음식과 문화에 상당한 영향을받았다. 오리엔탈리즘적 역사 설명에 수정이 필요한 부분이다.
마지막으로 현재의 시기는 앞의 두 시기와는 전혀 다른 형태로 음식과 문화가이동, 전파, 확산, 그리고 발명 되고 있다. 현재 음식의 전파와 확산 과정을 보면이전 시기의 사람의 이동에 따른 형태와는 차원을 전혀 달리하고 있다. 이는 주로관광, 매스 미디어, 상업적인 기업 네트워크 등을 통해서 전파된다. 그러나 획일화내지는 동질화가 아닌 일종의 재정립된 확산의 형태를 띤다. 이러한 변화된 양상들이 문화적 측면에 대한 설명뿐만 아니라 세계사 서술에도 적용될 수 있도록 해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

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