조선전기 대외관계에 나타난 自我認識과 他者認識 = Self-perception and the perception of others shown in the foreign relationship During the Joseon Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During the Joseon Dynasty, Koreans conceptualized "the others" in the process of the identification of the self, which resulted in the acceptance of the idea of Chinese Hwa-I-Kwan, the concept that China differed from surrounding barbarians and beasts, and the establishment of a perspective that Joseon was a small "illuminating center (China)". They put Ming (China) and Joseon (Korea) into one category, "Junghwa - the illuminating center", while putting other neighboring countries like Jurchen, Japan, Ryukyu and Southeastern Asian countries into the others, "the barbarians". This "Hwa-I-Kwan (Illuminating Center-Barbarians concept)" implied not only the discrimination and exclusion of the others but also the inclusion of the others as those who need to be civilized. The naturalization policy toward the others and the foreign policy toward Jurchen and Japan were also based on this concept.
Focusing on that, this paper reviewed how Koreans of the earlier Joseon Dynasty perceived the world and themselves and how they viewed Japan and Jurchen as the others and then examined the naturalization policy as a inclusion policy.
The main points of this paper can be summed up as followings.
First, "the small illuminating center" concept, established in the earlier Joseon Dynasty, was basically a ethno-centrism. This concept was subjective and did not get any consensus from other countries. Koreans in that period perceived others on this concept, leaving little room for cultural pluralism or cultural relativism, which acknowledges the uniqueness of other cultures.
Second, the way Koreans of the Joseon dynasty looked at the world underwent a change with the shift of times.
In the early 17th century, the period after the Joseon Dynasty went through the two wars waged by Japan and Ching, Joseon sharpened the contrast between the illuminating center and the barbarians. They extremely excluded "barbarian" cultures and peoples. By strengthening the small illuminating center consciousness, they excluded not only Japan and European countries but also China because China was occupied by Manchurian Ching.
Third, the naturalization policy was mainly inherited from Goryeo. However, their relationship toward the others became more negative except toward Japan. The naturalization policy stopped after 1636 when Ching invaded Joseon and the naturalization of the others did not continue any more.
Lastly, The "small illuminating center" concept, the basis of Joseon's identification of the self and the others, had their roots in the Hwa-I-Kwan. They put Joseon as a small center to the Chinese Hwa-I-Kwan. Joseon did not have its own concept of the world but the sub-system of the Chinese concept. As a result, when the China centered world order collapsed. Joseon failed to find a independent road to adapt actively to the new order.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 조선전기의 세계관과 자아인식
• Ⅲ. 타자로서의 일본과 여진
• Ⅳ. 向化政策과 그 의미
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• 〈ABSTRACT〉