단위동물 사료내 카사바의 옥수수 대체 효과 : EFFECT OF CASSAVA AS A CORN SUBSTITUTE IN NON-RUMINANT ANIMALS
저자
발행사항
경기 : 단국대학교, 2011
학위논문사항
Thesis(doctoral)-- 단국대학교 : 생명자원과학과 2011. 2
발행연도
2011
작성언어
영어
주제어
발행국(도시)
대한민국
형태사항
100p ; 26cm
일반주기명
지도교수 :김인호
소장기관
EXPERIMENT 1: EFFECT OF CASSAVA AS A CORN SUBSTITUTE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, AND BLOOD PROFILE IN WEANLING PIGS
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of cassava as a corn substitute on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in pigs. In Exp. 1, 96 weanling pigs (6.44 ± 0.52 kg; 28 d of age) were used in a 42-d trial to evaluate the cassava hard pellet as a replacement for corn. In Exp. 2, a 42-d experiment with 96 growing pigs (25.10 ± 2.01 kg) was conducted to determine the effect of cassava residue as a replacement for corn at two levels (20% and 40%) as compared with the corn-SBM diet. In Exp. 3, a 2×2 factorial design with 96 finishing pigs (54.74 ± 2.08kg) was carried out to assess the influence of different energy and enzyme supplementation regimes on the growth performance and digestibility of a 25% cassava hard pellet based diet. In Exp. 1, the corn-SBM diet resulted in a higher ADG (334 vs. 285g) and G/F ratio (0.657 vs. 0.576) than cassava replacement treatment (P<0.01) during 0-14d. However, no differences in performance were observed (P>0.05) during 14-28d. In the overall the experimental periods, ADG was lower in the cassava replacment treatment relative to corn-SBM based treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, the corn-SBM treatment was higher in terms of dry matter and nitrogen digestibility relative to the cassava replacement treatment at the end of week 2 (P<0.01). In Exp. 2, throughout the entire experimental period, no differences in growth performance were noted (P>0.05). On day 4, the concentration of WBC was reduced linearly with increasing cassava level (P<0.05). In Exp. 3, during days 0-14, enzyme supplementation resulted in a higher ADG (P=0.07), ADFI (P=0.01) and G/F ratio (P<0.01) than in the non-enzyme supplementation. Reducing energy led to a lower ADG (P=0.03) compared with the original energy diets, and energy and enzyme interactions were observed in ADFI (P=0.01). No difference (P>0.10) was observed during days 14-28. Overall, the inclusion of enzyme resulted in higher ADFI (P=0.03) and G/F ratio (P<0.01). Higher energy resulted in a higher ADG (P=0.08) and G/F ratio (P<0.01). Pigs fed on the lower energy diet reduced the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, energy, ether extract, crude fiber, ash, calcium, and phosphorus compared with those fed on the original energy diet (P<0.05). Dietary enzyme supplementation increased nutrient digestibility (P<0.05), except for nitrogen, relative to the non-enzyme supplementation diets. In conclusion, cassava as a corn replacement can be used in weanling pigs without corn (around 30%) after 2 weeks of weanling without negative effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. In growing pigs, cassava can be used at concentrations of up to 40% without negative effects on growth performance. Additionally, finishing pigs can use 25% cassava. Furthermore, enzyme supplementation can induce lower ADFI without growth performance.
EXPERIMENT 2: EFFECT OF CASSAVA AS A CORN SUBSTITUTE ON EGG PRODUCTION, EGG QUALITY, AND STORAGE CHANGES IN LAYING HENS
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cassava as corn substitute on egg production, egg quality, and storage changes in laying hens. A total of 240 (ISA brown) 47 week old layers were allocated into the following four treatments: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) C5 (5% of cassava diet), 3) C10 (10% of cassava diet), 4) C20 (20% of cassava diet), and 5) C30 (30% of cassava diet). The laying hens were allotted into 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 24 replicate pens and two laying hens per pen. The experiment was conducted via a completely randomized design and studied for 35 days. Egg production was reduced significantly in the C30 relative to other treatments (P<0.05). Evaluation of the egg quality showed that the egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, egg yolk height, and haugh unit were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). However, in terms of egg yolk color, the C20 and C30 treatments evidenced dramatic reductions from the 2nd and 1st week (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study show that cassava can be used as an energy source in laying hens, at concentrations up to 20% without any negative effect on performance, however, the yolk color should be considered.
EXPERIMENT 3: EFFECT OF CASSAVA AS A CORN SUBSTITUTE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS IN KOREAN NATIVE BROILERS
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of cassava as corn substitute on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Korean native broilers. A total of 528 Korean native broilers were allocated into the following four treatments: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) C5 (5% of cassava diet), 3) C10 (10% of cassava diet), and 4) C20 (20% of cassava diet). The broilers were allotted into four dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens and 22 chicks per pen during 9 weeks. The present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design. During 9 weeks, weight gain and feed intake were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05), however, the feed/gain ratio was higher in the C10 and C20 treatments as compared with the C5 treatment (P<0.05). Liver, abdominal fat, leg, and carcass percentage were not observed. However, the breast meat percentage was shown to be higher in the CON compared with C10 treatment (P>0.05). In conclusion, the result of this study demonstrated that cassava can be used as a dietary energy source in Korean native broilers, at concentrations of up to 20% without any adverse effect on performance.
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