유도된 단기 정서의 오류처리 조절과 신경증의 관계 = The relationship between neuroticism and modulation of error processing by induction of short-term affect

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We examined how the effects of induced short-term affect on error processing depend on neuroticism. Two groups of neuroticism (high/low) were examined for ERN (error related negativity) and Pe (error positivity) related to error response during the Eriksen flanker task. Short-term affects were induced by presenting one of the emotional (positive/neutral/negative) IAPS pictures immediately before the flanker stimulus was presented in each trial of Eriksen flanker task. Behavioral data showed that error responses were faster than correct responses in two groups, and no difference was observed between high neuroticism group and low neuroticism group. The peak amplitude of ERN was larger (more negative) than CRN (correct response negativity). In particular, the effect of induced affect on ERN amplitude was different according to the level of neuroticism. For the high neuroticism group, the induced negative affect produced a larger amplitude than the neutral affect, but no effect of the induced affect was observed in the low neuroticism group. In addition, the effects of positive affect were not observed in both groups. On the other hand, the peak amplitude and latency of Pe was larger (more positive) and longer than those of Pc (correct positivity), and no effect associated with neuroticism and induced affect was observed. In summary, the effect of induced affect on the early error processing was dependent on the level of neuroticism. The high neuroticism group, unlike the low neuroticism group, showed a larger ERN amplitude when negative affect was induced compared to the neutral affect. These results suggest that high neuroticism group was very sensitive to the induced short-term negative affect which influenced error monitoring. On the other hand, in the later stages of error processing, the induced affect or neuroticism did not have an effect on the error awareness.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

단기적으로 유도된 정서가 오류처리에 미치는 영향이 신경증 성격특성에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 밝히고자 하였다. 신경증 수준이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단을 대상으로 Eriksen 수반자극과제 수행 도중 오류반응과 관련된 ERN(error-related negativity)과 Pe(error positivity)를 조사하였는데, 매 시행마다 수반자극이 제시되기 직전 정서적(긍정/중립/부정) 사진을 제시함으로써 단기적 정서를 유도하였다. 반응속도 분석 결과, 두 집단 모두에서 오반응이 정반응보다 더 빨랐으며, 집단간 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 오반응-관련 ERN과 정반응-관련 CRN(correct response negativity)의 정점진폭을 분석한 결과, ERN이 CRN에 비해, 그리고 고신경증집단이 저신경증집단에 비해 더 큰(부적인) 진폭을 보였다. 특히 유도정서가 ERN에 미치는 영향이 신경증 수준에 따라 상이하였는데, 고신경증집단의 경우 유도된 부정정서가 중립정서에 비해 더 큰 진폭을 일으켰지만, 저신경증집단의 경우에는 유도정서의 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, 오반응-관련 Pe와 정반응-관련 Pc(correct response positivity)의 정점진폭 분석 결과, Pe가 Pc보다 더 큰(정적인) 진폭을 보였고, 신경증 수준 및 유도정서와 관련된 효과들은 모두 관찰되지 않았다. 결국, 유도된 정서가 오류처리 초반에 미치는 영향은 신경증 수준에 따라 달랐는데, 중립정서에 비해 부정정서가 유도되었을 때 더 큰 ERN 진폭이 고신경증집단에서만 관찰되었다. 반면, 오류처리 후반에는 유도된 정서나 신경증 수준이 오류 자각이나 정서적 평가에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과는, 오류처리 초기의 오류 모니터링에 대한 일시적 부정정서의 조절이 신경증 수준에 의존한다는 것을 시사한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 박수담, "지각적 복잡성과 정서가가 IAPS 자극 처리에 미치는 영향: ERP 연구" 한국인지및생물심리학회 25 (25): 249-271, 2013
• 2 박태진, "오류처리에 대한 자기지향 완벽주의와 신경증의 영향: ERP 연구" 한국인지및생물심리학회 31 (31): 275-291, 2019
• 3 Vocat, R., "Unavoidable errors : a spatio-temporal analysis of time-course and neural sources of evoked potentials associated with error processing in a speeded task" 46 (46): 2545-2555, 2008
• 4 Clark, L. A., "Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression : Psychometric Evidence and Taxonomic Implications" 100 (100): 316-352, 1991
• 5 Canli, T., "Toward a neurogenetic theory of neuroticism" 1129 (1129): 153-174, 2008
• 6 Olvet, D. M., "The stability of error-related brain activity with increasing trials" 46 (46): 957-1018, 2009
• 7 Schupp, H. T., "The selective processing of briefly presented affective pictures : an ERP analysis" 41 (41): 441-449, 2004
• 8 Rafienia, P., "The role of extraversion, neuroticism and positive and negative mood in emotional information processing" 44 (44): 392-402, 2007
• 9 Wu, J., "The relationship between Chronic Perceived stress and Error Processing: Evidence from Event-related potentials" 9 : 2019
• 10 Shankman, S. A., "The relation between depression and anxiety : an evaluation of the tripartite, approach-withdrawal and valence-arousal models" 23 (23): 605-637, 2003
• 11 Olvet, D. M., "The error-related negativity(ERN)and psychopathology : Toward an endophenotype" 28 (28): 1343-1354, 2008
• 12 Olvet, D. M., "The error-related negativity relates to sadness following mood induction among individuals with high neuroticism" 7 (7): 289-295, 2012
• 13 Gehring, W. J., "The error-related negativity : An event-related brain potential accompanying errors" 27 : S34-, 1990
• 14 Clayson, P. E., "The effects of induced state negative affect on performance monitoring processes" 7 (7): 677-688, 2012
• 15 van Veen, V., "The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor : fMRI and ERP studies" 77 (77): 477-482, 2002
• 16 Eysenck, H. J., "The Structure of Human Personality" Methuen 1970
• 17 Pailing, P. E., "The Error-Related Negativity as a State and Trait Measure : Motivation, Personality, and ERPs in Response to Error" 19 (19): 84-95, 2004
• 18 Watson, D., "Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology" 103 (103): 18-31, 1994
• 19 Holmes, A. J., "Spatiotemporal dynamics of error processing dysfunctions in major depressive disorder" 65 (65): 179-188, 2008
• 20 Herrmann, M. J., "Source localization(LORETA)of the error-related-negativity(ERN/Ne)and positivity(Pe)" 20 (20): 294-299, 2004
• 21 Moeller, S. K., "Sex differences in implicit punishment sensitivity : evidence from two cognitive paradigms" 48 (48): 283-287, 2010
• 22 Grützmann, R., "Response accuracy rating modulates ERN and Pe amplitudes" 96 (96): 1-7, 2014
• 23 Jasper, H. H., "Report of the committee on methods of clinical examination in electroencephalography" 10 (10): 370-375, 1958
• 24 Falkenstein, M., "Psychophysiological Brain Research" Tilburg University Press 192-195, 1990
• 25 van Wouwe, N. C., "Positive affect modulates flexibility and evaluative control" 23 (23): 524-539, 2011
• 26 Hong, R. Y., "Neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity thoughts, and anxiety symptomatology : Insights from an experience-sampling approach" 34 (34): 254-262, 2010
• 27 Wiswede, D., "Negative affect induced by derogatory verbal feedback modulates the neural signature of error detection" 4 (4): 227-237, 2009
• 28 Luu, P., "Mood, personality, and self-monitoring : negative affect and emotionality in relation to frontal lobe mechanisms of error monitoring" 129 (129): 43-60, 2000
• 29 Wiswede, D., "Modulation of the error-related negativity by induction of short-term negative affect" 47 (47): 83-90, 2009
• 30 Dehaene, S., "Localization of a neural system for error detection and compensation" 5 (5): 303-305, 1994
• 31 Lee, H. S., "Korean Version Eysenck Personality Questionnaire" Hakjisa Books Press 1997
• 32 Lang, P. J., "International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Affective Ratings of Pictures and Instruction Manual" University of Florida 2005
• 33 Hoffmann, S., "Independent component analysis of erroneous and correct responses suggests online response control" 31 (31): 1305-1315, 2010
• 34 Weinberg, A., "Increased error-related brain activity in generalized anxiety disorder" 85 (85): 472-480, 2010
• 35 Ladouceur, C. D., "Increased Error-Related Negativity(ERN)in Childhood Anxiety Disorders : ERP and Source Localization" 47 (47): 1073-1082, 2006
• 36 박태진, "IAPS 자극에 대한 한국 대학생의 정서 평가" 한국인지과학회 20 (20): 183-195, 2009
• 37 Larsen, R. J., "Extraversion, neuroticism and susceptibility to positive and negative mood induction procedures" 10 (10): 1221-1228, 1989
• 38 Rusting, C. L., "Extraversion, Neuroticism, and susceptibility to positive and negative affect : a test of two theoretical models" 22 (22): 607-612, 1997
• 39 Hajcak, G., "Error-related psychophysiology and negative affect" 56 (56): 189-197, 2004
• 40 Xiao, Z., "Error-related negativity abnormalities in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder" 35 (35): 265-272, 2011
• 41 Nieuwenhuis, S., "Error-related brain potentials are differentially related to awareness of response errors : evidence from an antisaccade task" 38 (38): 752-760, 2001
• 42 Stemmer, B., "Error detection in patients with lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex : an ERP study" 42 (42): 118-130, 2004
• 43 Schupp, H. T., "Emotional facilitation of sensory processing in the visual cortex" 14 (14): 7-13, 2003
• 44 Schupp, H. T., "Emotion and attention : event-related brain potential studies" 156 : 31-51, 2006
• 45 Eriksen, B. A., "Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task" 16 (16): 143-149, 1974
• 46 Falkenstein, M., "Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks" 78 (78): 447-455, 1991
• 47 Falkenstein, M., "ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: A tutorial" 51 (51): 87-107, 2000
• 48 Watson, D., "Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect : The PANAS Scales" 54 (54): 1063-1070, 1988
• 49 Ladouceur, C. D., "Attentional control moderates relations between negative affect and neural correlates of action monitoring in adolescence" 35 (35): 194-211, 2010
• 50 Aarts, K., "Anxiety not only increases, but also alters early error-monitoring functions" 10 (10): 479-492, 2010
• 51 Tellegen, A., "Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders" Erlbaum 681-706, 1985
• 52 Hajcak, G., "Anxiety and error-related brain activity" 64 (64): 77-90, 2003
• 53 Larson, M. J., "Affective context-induced modulation of the error-related negativity" 17 (17): 329-333, 2006
• 54 Gehring, W. J., "Action-Monitoring Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" 11 (11): 1-6, 2000
• 55 Gratton, G., "A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact" 55 (55): 468-484, 1983
• 56 Gehring, W. J., "A neural system for error detection and compensation" 4 (4): 385-390, 1993