여성 누드 다시보기 = Reviewing the Female Nude in Western Art

국문 초록 (Abstract)

누드(nude)라는 장르는 고대 그리스 이후 조각이나 회화 등 다양한 매체로 무수히 많이 제작되어 왔다. 특히 여성 누드는 고대로부터 현재에 이르기까지 끊임없는 찬사, 혹은 비난 및 논란의 대상이 되어 왔다. 그렇다면 우리가 누드를 만들고 본다는 것은 무엇을 의미하는 것일까? 과연 인간의 마음속에는 의식적이든 무의식적이든 ‘이상적인 미(ideal beauty)’에 대한 관념이 존재하며 이는 우리가 벌거벗은 인간의 신체를 보거나 평가할 때에도 은연중에 작동하는 것일까? 아니면 누드란 항상 누군가에게 보여지기 위한 신체이며 따라서 누드란 본질적으로 여성의 신체를 대상화하여 이를 남성 시선에 종속시키는 시각적 메커니즘인가? 본 논문은 특정 누드에 대한 미시적인 분석에 앞서 누드에 대한 거시적 조망을 해보려는 시도로, 서양 미술사에서 본격적인 누드 연구의 고전이라 할 수 있는 영국의 미술사학자 클라크(Kenneth Clark)의 『The Nude』와 이에 대한 페미니즘적 반론의 대표작인 니드(Lynda Nead)의 『Female Nude』를 중심으로 누드의 정의와 간략한 역사, 그리고 여성 누드 연구가 제기하는 몇몇 문제를 살펴본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Those who have ever cared to survey the history of western art must have been struck by prevalent images of the naked human body. Framed images of naked human bodies, especially, female, dot the walls of major art galleries in Europe and America, and they are widely regarded as an icon of westem culture and thus a sign of civilization and artistic accomplishment. Nude is a term specifically employed to refer to the depiction of such naked human figures in visual arts, As a subject for art, it is basically a western invention, emerging in ancient Greece around the fifth century B.C. Religious prohibitions prevented the nude from appealing in quantity from the lise of Christianity in the third century until the Renaissance, when it began to dominate the depiction of the human figure in high art. Attitudes to the subject of the nude mirror the boundaries of what is acceptable and what is not in a given society and culture. Despite a varying degree of self-censorship by artists, it has often been subjugated to moral condemnation, willie it has also been considered to be the visual embodiment of virtue and truth, revealing the sense of the ideal beauty lodged deeply at the back of the human mind. This essay is all attempt to revisit the female nude in western art, reviewing its definition, its history, and the recent feminist interventions in the subject. In doing so, it calls for more historically grounded and conceptually sophisticated approaches to the subject than those metaphysical and dogmatic formulations, advanced by Kenneth Clark and Lynda Nead.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가는 말
• Ⅱ. 누드의 정의
• Ⅲ. 여성 누드의 간략한 역사
• Ⅳ. 여성 누드 해석을 둘러싼 논란과 과제
• Ⅴ. 나오는 말
• 참고문헌
• 국문초록
• ABSTRACT

참고문헌 (Reference)

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• 3 Berger, John, "Ways of Seeing" Penguin Books 1972
• 4 Barkan, Leonard, "Unearthing the Past: Archaeology and Aesthetics in the Making of Renaissance Culture" Yale University Press 1999
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• 6 Clark, Kenneth, "The Nude: A Study of Ideal Art" John Murray 1956
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• 13 Crow, Thomas, "Painters and Public Life in Eighteenth-Century Paris" Yale University Press 1985
• 14 Postle,Martin, "Naked Civil Servants: the Professional Life Model in British Art and Sociey, in:Model and Supermodel: The Artist's Model in British Art and Culture" Manchester University Press 2006
• 15 Pointon, Marcia, "Naked Authority: The Body in Western Painting 1830-1900" Cambridge University Press 1990
• 16 Solomon-Godeau, Abigail, "Male Trouble: A Crisis in Representation" Thames and Hudson 1997
• 17 Nead, Lynda, "Female Nude: Art, Obscenity and Sexuality" Routledge 1992
• 18 Smith, Alison, "Exposed: The Victorian Nude" Tate Publishing 2001
• 19 Hatt, Michael, "Charlotte. Art History: A Critical Introduction to Its Methods" Manchester University Press 2006
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• 21 Turner, Jane, ",The Dictionary of Art,vol" MacMillan 34 : 1996