한국 아동의 속임수, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능의 발달 및 상호 관계성 = Development of Deception, False belief and Executive Function in Children

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 속임수 과제, 틀린 믿음 과제, 실행기능의 하위 영역(억제 통제, 작업 기억, 전환 능력)을 측정하여 아동의 연령(만 3, 4, 5세)에 따라 각 능력이 어떻게 발달하고 어떠한 관계를 가지는지를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 3세 아동들은 속임수 과제나 틀린 믿음 과제에서 많은 오류를 범했고, 4세가 되면서 수행에 유의한 증진을 보였다. 특히 틀린 믿음 내용변화 과제에서 모든 연령의 아동들이 자신 믿음에 대한 추론을 타인 믿음에 대한 추론보다 더 잘했다는 본 연구의 결과는 모사 이론에 대한 지지증거로 해석될 수 있을 것이다. 실행기능과 관련하여서 억제 통제와 전환 능력에서는 3세와 4세 사이에 발달적 변화가 있었지만, 작업 기억에서는 연령 간의 차이가 유의미하지 않았다. 각 과제 간 상관관계에서 3세 아동의 결과는 속임수 행동과 틀린 믿음 내용변화 과제와 실행기능의 억제 통제, 전환 능력과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 더 나아가 회귀분석 결과는 틀린 믿음 내용변화 과제를 잘할수록, 그리고 실행기능의 전환 능력의 점수가 더 높을수록 속임수 행동을 더 잘한다는 것을 시사해 주었다. 하지만 실행기능의 어떠한 하위 영역도 틀린 믿음을 예측해주지 못했는데, 이는 두 영역 간에 관계가 있음을 보여준 서구권 연구 결과와는 대비되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the relationship among deceptive behavior, false belief and execution function in children at 3, 4, and 5 years of age. The major findings were as follows: first, the results show that the understanding of deceptive behavior and false belief begins at 4 years of age. In particular, the results indicated that the 3-year-old and 4-year-old children had a better understanding of self-belief than they had of the beliefs of others; this could be construed as evidence to support the simulation theory. Second, inhibitory control and switching in execution function showed developmental changes between 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds. However, in terms of working memory, there were no significant developmental changes between these groups. Third, at the age of three, predictor of deceptive behavior include not only false beliefs but also switching of execution function. This result implies that children who fail at the act of deceiving at age three are unable to understand the concept of false beliefs. Our results also shows that the higher the score of switching of execution function, the better the deceptive behavior.

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