韓國經濟와 地域構造 : -國土綜合開發의 基本的構想을 爲한 序說- = Korean Economy and Regional Structure
저자
吳萬植 (서울大學校商科大學)
발행기관
서울大學校 商科大學 韓國經濟硏究所(INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1963
작성언어
Korean
KDC
320.5
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
41-63(23쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The over-all programs for land development means the plans which aim at the utilization, exploitment and conservation of national land in view of the all-round measurements in economic, social and cultural spheres. The natural conditons and the policies of the government should be considered in these programs in order to secure reasonable location of industries and to elevate social welfare.
Such programs cannot help duplicating its importance in have-not nations, especially in Korea, which is poor both in resources and in its utilization.
It has repeatedly been pointed out that the gulf in income between the advanced region and the backward still remains in Korea as one of the vivid marks of dual structure of economy and this gulf will probably grow severer in the process of economic growth. In Je-Joo province, for example, yearly per capita income is ₩ 32,341 which is only 73% of average income and 38% of that of Seoul.
The density of population in South Korea is greater than in the North and it is Kyung-Gi and Kyung-Nam districts that are more thickly populated than the rest of the provinces and their demand for farm products is great.
It can be said that the production of staple farm products was, to a certain extent, specialized by regional group; that is, the chief producing districts of staple grains are Chun-La, Choong-Nam, Kyung-Sang and Kyung-Gi province, being Kang-Won, Kyung-Buk and Je-Joo province, those of miscellaneous grains.
In order to investigate industrial structure of our country, we must first of all examine the main resources and public facilities which provide the sound ground of industries. The total sorts of underground mineral resources in Korea amount to 200 sorts, among which 50 sorts have been exploited and 7 sorts are principal ore.
But it is a matter for regret that we have lost most of our underground resources by the division of our fatherland; only 0.1% of total iron ore stock, 0.5% of bituminous coal, 2.3% of anthracite, and 21.5% of tungsten and molybdenum are what South Korea has.
The goal of land development
Direction of industrialization and regional arrangement:
As the industrialization of our country has been centred only around the existing industrial districts, it has revealed its hidden shortages such as in water, land, transportation and others. Under these conditions, it is rather natural that the industrial districts are crowded and consequently efficiency of investment has been declined.
Now we suggest the policies for industrial development as follows.
A) The decentralization of industries should intensively be begun with the most effective district and then the lesser, by considering the efficiency of capital and making the best use of regional resources.
B) In cultivating the large industrial districts, it is highly required not only to plan the fitted type of industry, proper size of population and the demand and supply of labour forces, but also to concentrate government investment in order to erect the necessary establishments.
Goals of development in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing:
A) Agriculture
a) The basic problems of agriculture lie in increasing production. For this purpose we must extend the utilization of land and rationalize the land distribution.
b) The selected expansion of crops to keep up with the change in demand structure.
c) Bringing waste land under cultivation, improvement of seeds and extermination of vermin damage.
B) Forestry
a) The nation-wide movement to inspire the interest in forest conservation.
b) The afforestation works supported by government budget.
c) The strict restriction of felling licence and measures for substitutions for wood fuel.
C) Fishing
a) Promotion of shipbuilding industry to secure the fishing boat.
b) Building and improvement of fishing ground.
c) Price stabilization through the arrangement of intermediate mechanisms.
The goal of city development
a) The existing establishments in over-crowded cities should be decentralized with a view to eliminate the disutilities as possible and over concentration of industries or population should strictly be checked and public facilities and urban area should be rearranged so that the functions of city may be performed smoothly.
b) The area which is projected as a large scale of industrial place should be attached to every rearranged district.
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