Emotions across languages and cultures : diversity and universals

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of figures = ⅷ
• Acknowledgments = ⅸ
• List of abbreviations = xi
• 1 Introduction : feelings, languages, and cultures = 1
• 1 Emotions or feelings? = 1
• 2 Breaking the "hermeneutical circle" = 7
• 3 "Experience-near" and "experience-distant" concepts = 10
• 4 Describing feelings through prototypes = 12
• 5 "Emotions" : disruptive episodes or vital forces that mould our lives? = 17
• 6 Why words matter = 24
• 7 Emotion and culture = 31
• 8 The Natural Semantic Metalanguage(NSM) as a tool for cross-cultural analysis = 34
• 9 An illustration : "sadness" in English and in Russian = 38
• 10 The scope of this book = 45
• 2 Defining emotion concepts : discovering "cognitive scenarios" = 49
• 1 "Something good happened" and related concepts = 50
• 2 "Something bad happened" and related concepts = 60
• 3 "Bad things can happen" and related concepts = 72
• 4 "I don't want things like this to happen" and related concepts = 87
• 5 Thinking about other people = 97
• 6 Thinking about ourselves = 108
• 7 Concluding remarks = 121
• 3 A case study of emotion in culture : German Angst = 123
• 1 "Angst" as a peculiarly German concept = 123
• 2 Heidegger's analysis of "Angst" = 126
• 3 "Angst" in the language of psychology = 128
• 4 Angst in everyday language = 130
• 5 Defining Angst = 134
• 6 The German Angst in a comparative perspective = 137
• 7 Luther's influence on the German language = 139
• 8 Eschatological anxieties of Luther's times = 141
• 9 The meaning of Angst in Luther's writings = 143
• 10 Martin Luther's inner life and its possible impact on the history of Angst = 148
• 11 Luther's possible role in the shift from Angst "affliction" to Angst "anxiety ／ fear" = 151
• 12 The great social and economic anxieties of Luther's times = 158
• 13 Uncertainty vs. certainty, Angst vs. Sicherheit = 159
• 14 Certainty and Ordnung = 163
• 15 Conclusion = 166
• 4 Reading human faces = 168
• 1 The human face : a "mirror" or a "tool"? = 168
• 2 From the "psychology of facial expression" to the "semantics of facial expression" = 172
• 3 "Social" does not mean "voluntary" = 175
• 4 What kind of "Messages" can a face transmit? = 177
• 5 Messages are not "dimensions" = 178
• 6 "The face alone" or "the face in context"? = 180
• 7 Analysing facial behaviour into meaningful components = 182
• 8 Summing up the assumptions = 185
• 9 In what terms should facial behaviour be described? = 186
• 10 Humans and primates : a unified framework for verbal, non-verbal, and preverbal communication = 191
• 11 The meaning of eyebrows drawn together = 195
• 12 The meaning of "raised eyebrows" = 201
• 13 The meaning of the "wide open eyes" (with immobile eyebrows) = 206
• 14 The meaning of a down-turned mouth = 208
• 15 The meaning of tightly pressed lips = 211
• 16 Conclusion : the what, the how, and the why in the reading of human faces = 213
• 5 Russian emotional expression = 216
• 1 Introduction = 216
• 2 Emotion and the body = 219
• 3 Conclusion = 234
• 6 Comparing emotional norms across languages and cultures : Polish vs. Anglo-American = 240
• 1 Emotion and culture = 240
• 2 The scripts of "sincerity" = 241
• 3 The scripts of interpersonal "warmth" = 251
• 4 The scripts of "spontaneity" = 255
• 5 Conclusion = 271
• 7 Emotional universals = 273
• 1 "Emotional universals" - genuine and spurious = 273
• 2 A proposed set of "emotional universals" = 275
• 3 Conclusion = 305
• Notes = 308
• References = 318
• Index = 338