중국 인터넷 통제정책에 대한 풍자문화 연구 ― ‘차오니마(草泥馬)’ 유행 사례를 중심으로 = A Study of Satire on Internet Control of Chinese Government: Focusing on the Case of “Grass-mud Horse(Caonima; 草泥馬)”

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

For the past decade, Chinese government has achieved the successful development of the internet industry and constructed the strict internet control system in China. But the authoritarian political control by the Party-state made the emergent civil society shrunken and subsequently caused the prevalence of satirical culture on the internet, which meant to protest against censorship and to make government censors look ridiculous. Especially the grass-mud horse(Caonima; 草泥馬), one of the most sensational neologisms on the internet in 2009, attracted the attention of western media, as it was relevant to some political movements in real world and also created some cultural impact on many chinese netizen.
This article explores the complicated network of connection and interaction of the agents on the internet as a media ‘field(champ in French, is a Bourdieuan concept)’ in China, through probing the sensation of ‘grass-mud horse’, sounds much like an abusive language in Chinese, and analysing of the political and cultural implication. The story of the grass-mud horse's struggle against the evil ‘river crab(河蟹, sounds like 和諧 harmony in chinese)' has spread far and wide across the Chinese online community. This phenomenon was caused by the governmental action of excessive censorship and intensified control over internet blogs and communities in 2009. The story of the grass-mud horse has the implication of ‘subversive politics' and ‘identity politics' for the dissent from the Chinese government, and is undermining the hegemonic legitimacy of Chinese government.
However the relation and the interaction of the agents on the internet in China is so complicated and ambivalent, thus it is not so predictable that this phenomenon will be helpful for making just chinese civil society improved in near future.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 뤄강, "중국의 인터넷 공공 공간 ― 가능한 것과 불가능한 것, In 21세기 중국의 문화지도: 포스트사회주의 중국의 문화연구" 현실문화연구 2009
• 2 정의철, "인터넷 규제와 정치공론장 －구글의 중국 진출 케이스를 중심으로" 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 (9) : 209-245, 2008
• 3 올리브지, "부르디외, 커뮤니케이션을 말하다" 커뮤니케이션북스 2007
• 4 "崔衛平 블로그"
• 5 고경민, "‘독재자의 딜레마’인가 권위주의적 ‘사이버체제’인가? 권위주의 체제에서 인터넷의 정치적 영향과 통제 메커니즘" 국제지역연구센터 12 (12): 31-56, 2008
• 6 "Youtube"
• 7 "Wikipedia(english)"
• 8 "Wikipedia(chinese)"
• 9 Croteau, D, "The business of media, Thousand Oaks" Pine Forge Press 2006
• 10 Vause, John, "The Grass Mud Horse revolt"
• 11 "Reporters without borders"
• 12 Wu Guoguang, "In the name of good governance: e-government, Internet pornography and political censorship in China IN Xiaoling Zhang and Yongnian Zheng ed., China's Information and Communications Technology Revolution: Social changes and state responses" Routledge 74-, 2009
• 13 Ammar, Tawnia Sanford, "How Facebook Helped Fell the 23-Year-Old-Tunisian Dictatorship and Fuel the Jasmine Revolution"
• 14 "Google, www.google.com"
• 15 Wines, Michael, "Dirty Pun Tweaks China’s Online Censors"
• 16 Ronfeldt, "Cyberocracy is Coming" 8 (8): 1992
• 17 "Baidu, www.baidu.com"
• 18 Xiao Qiang, "A List of Censored Words in Chinese Cyberspace"