영국 산업 도시의 유아 사망 및 아동 살해 문제 -19세기 영국 의료인들의 논의를 중심으로- = Infant Mortality and Child-Murder in British Industrial Cities -Medical opinion on its causes and resolutions in the Nineteenth century-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article deals with infant mortality and the child-murder problem in industrial cities in nineteenth century Britain, by illuminating medical opinion on its causes and resolution with special reference to the child doping problem among employed women. It starts with a brief account of the trends and changes of infant mortality in Britain during the nineteenth century with focuses on geographical variations and social contrasts.
In the following section, it poses a question about medical opinion on the problem of opium poisoning and the way in which they brought up the fact that the major proportion of opium poisoning deaths occurred among young children. It looks into the series of medical officers’ reports to the Privy Council on the excessive infant mortality in industrial cities in the North and the Midlands, and illustrates medical discussion on serious problems rising from patterns of working-class child-rearing among employed mothers. Focus will be on the danger of urban opiate use among working mothers leading to opium poisoning death and other fatal damages to children, and medical inspectors’ critical views on the mother's absence at work as the root cause of overdosing and mistakes made by unqualified child-minders in the course of administration of opium to infants.
The paper then provides a series of other key elements causing the excessive infant mortality in industrial cities in the North and the Midlands ranging from the short period of absence from work after confinement, the lack of chance of mother’s milk, bad nourishment, artificial feeding(pap), the habits of nursing(professional child-minders), indifference among working mothers towards their children, fatal infant disease like diarrhea, to the increase in child-murder in certain localities.
The paper attempts to illustrate the class and gender-biased medical opinion on the relation of the high infant mortality with the child-doping question during the nineteenth century in Britain to understand the gap between the parliamentary inquiries and the real culture of poverty and the economic realities of working-class life as well as working women’s struggle in industrial cities.

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