놀이치료에서 ‘치료적 현존’ 개념 고찰 -치료적 관계의 안전감을 매개하는 다미주신경이론 기제- = The concept of “Therapeutic Presence” in play therapy: Polyvagal theory mediating feeling safe in play therapeutic relationships

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Therapeutic presence brings one’s whole self into the encounter with clients by being completely in the moment on multiple levels: physically, emotionally, cognitively, and spiritually. Drawing from polyvagal theory, this paper present a bio-behavioral explanation of how therapeutic presence can facilitate a sense of safety in both play therapist and client, to deepen the therapeutic relationship and promote effective therapy. According to the theory, when safety is communicated via expressed markers of social engagement (e, g., facial expressions, gestures, and prosodic vocalizations), defensiveness is down-regulated. Cultivating presence and engagement in present-centered relationships can therefore facilitate effective therapy by having both client and play therapist enter a physiological state that supports feelings of safety, positive therapeutic relationships, and optimal conditions for growth and change.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 치료적 관계의 핵심인 치료적 현존의 개념을 대인관계신경생물학적 기제를 기반으로 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 치료적 현존은 치료사와 내담자가 만나는 그 순간에 온전히 함께 있기 위하여 자신의 전체 자아를 불러 모으는 것으로, 신체적으로, 정서적으로, 인지적으로 그리고 영적인 수준까지 다양한 수준에서 내담자와 만나는 것을 말한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 놀이치료 사례를 중심으로 치료적 현존이 어떻게 긍정적인 치료적 관계에 기여하며 치료사-내담자 사이의 안전감의 느낌을 촉진하는지를 대인관계신경생물학이론인 다미주신경이론을 통해 설명하고자 한다. 다미주신경이론에 따르면, 얼굴 표정, 제스쳐, 발성, 목소리의 운율 등은 사회적 관여의 표시가 되어 이러한 표시들이 전달될 때 방어는 줄어들고 안전감을 느끼게 된다. 치료적 현존 및 현재-초점을 둔 참여가 증가할수록 치료사와 내담자 모두 안전감을 촉진하는 신체생리적 상태에 들어가기 쉬우며, 이러한 신체생리적 상태를 통해 긍정적 치료적 관계 뿐 아니라 성장과 변화를 위한 최적의 상태를 유지할 수 있게 된다.

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