메이크업 화장품에서 수용성 크롬의 안전성 평가 = Safety Evaluation of Water-soluble Chromium in Makeup Products

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There is now a growing concern about the possible toxicity of heavy metals in cosmetics. Heavy metals can be used as cosmetic ingredients or may be present as low level impurities in some of the raw materials. Chromium derivatives are used as pigments in cosmetics. Chromium is essential and toxic trace elements. Chromium may cause skin allergy. However, the regulations related to cosmetic products give no limit values for Chromium. Hexavalent chromium is significantly more toxic than trivalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium may present a carcinogenic risk at high concentrations. Therefore, it is important to consider oxidation state of chromium when analyze chromium. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of water-soluble trivalent and hexavalent chromium in samples of makeup products, and to assess the safety of cosmetics on the basis of animal sensitization tests using guinea pig. The present study of chromium in 48 makeup products of 12 manufacturers provides a basis for assessing safety of makeup products. Water-soluble hexavalent chromium was not detected in any product. Water-soluble trivalent chromium was detected in only 9 eye shadows out of 48 makeup products, and could not be quantified 3 out of 9 eye shadows. The highest level of water-soluble trivalent chromium was about 10 mg/kg in spite of 90,000 mg/kg of total chromium. The results of animal sensitization tests show that 200 mg/kg of trivalent chromium and 5 mg/kg of hexavalent chromium have no harmful effect. No cross-reaction among these metals was found. Accordingly, the concentrations of water-soluble chromium in makeup products seemed to be safe. The overall results indicate that chromium in cosmetics probably have no significant toxicological effects. However, It is necessary to set guidelines on the maximum permissible concentration of water-soluble chromium in cosmetics.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
  
• 서 론
  
• 실험 재료 및 방법
  
• 결과 및 고찰
  
• 결 론
  
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 "cobalt and chromium in allergic contact dermatitis" and Bontinck 15-25, 1993
• 2 "The identification of contact allergens by animal assay" 268-276, 1969
• 3 "Speciation of Cr and separation of common anions by ion pair chromatography with trans-1" 2 693-699, 1995
• 4 "Metals and arsenic in eye shadows" 42 : 5-10, 2000
• 5 "Metals and arsenic in eye shadows" 5-10, 2000
• 6 "An arm immersion model of compromised skin Influence on minimal eliciting patch test concentrations of nickel" 129-133, 1993