층소된 사회정체성 구조에서 정체성 불확실성과 내집단 동일시, 남북한 화해 태도 및 행동의도 간 관계 = Relationship between Nested Social Identity Uncertainty, Group Identification, Reconciliatory Attitudes and Intentions in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study examined the relationship between social identity uncertainty and levels of social identification among Koreans whose social identities are nested in a hierarchical structure involving ethnic identity (i.e., Han-ethnicity) and national identity (i.e., South Korean). The presumed link between social identity uncertainty and social identification was tested in a path model that stipulates a positive relationship between ethnic identification (but not national identification) and individuals’ attitudes and action intention toward intergroup reconciliation. Data were obtained from 1,000 adult Koreans residing in Korea using a stratified sampling method. A path analysis revealed that, as expected, subgroup (South Korea) identity uncertainty strengthened identification with the superordinate category (Han-ethnicity), which predicted positively attitudes towards intergroup reconciliation. Attitudes toward intergroup reconciliation, in turn, predicted positively individuals’ intention to engage in reconciliatory behavior. By contrast, superordinate identity (Han-ethnicity) uncertainty did not predict subgroup (South Korea) identification. We also found differences in the attitudes and action intention across several demographic variables. We discuss implications of the findings from the perspective of an asymmetric compensation between superordinate identity uncertainty and subgroup identification in Korea. We also discuss practical implications and future directions.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 민족정체성과 국가정체성으로 구분되는 한국인의 다층 사회정체성 불확실성 및 동일시와 남북한 화해에 대한 태도 및 행동의도 간 관계를 분석하였다. 대한민국 거주 일반인 1,000명을 대상으로 조사 연구를 실시한 결과, 한민족정체성과 남한정체성의 불확실성과 동일시, 그리고 남북한 화해에 대한 태도 및 행동의도에서 성별, 연령대, 학력, 거주지역, 소득수준에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구에서 가설화한 경로모형 검증 결과, 한민족정체성 불확실성은 남한에 대한 동일시와 상관이 없었지만, 남한정체성 불확실성은 한민족에 대한 동일시를 정적으로 예측하고 한민족 동일시가 남북한 화해 태도를 매개로 화해 행동의도를 정적으로 예측하였다. 이는 상위범주와 하위범주 정체성 불확실성과 동일시 간 비대칭적 상보성 가정(Jung, Hogg, & Choi, 2016)을 지지하는 결과이다. 끝으로 본 연구 결과가 남북한 갈등 해소 및 사회통합에서 지니는 함의를 논하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 김혜숙, "다문화시대 한국인의 심리적 적응: 집단정체성, 문화적응 이데올로기와 접촉이 이주민에 대한 편견에 미치는 영향" 한국사회및성격심리학회 25 (25): 51-89, 2011
• 2 유연재, "‘한집단’범주의 점화가 북한사람에 대한 평가에 미치는 영향" 14 (14): 91-112, 2000
• 3 Sven Waldzus, "When “different” means “worse”: In-group prototypicality in changing intergroup contexts" Elsevier BV 41 (41): 76-83, 2005
• 4 Nurit Shnabel, "Warm or competent? Improving intergroup relations by addressing threatened identities of advantaged and disadvantaged groups" Wiley 43 : 482-492, 2013
• 5 Hogg, M. A., "Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory" Springer International 3-17, 2016
• 6 Dominic Abrams, "Twenty years of group processes and intergroup relations research: A review of past progress and future prospects" SAGE Publications 20 (20): 561-569, 2017
• 7 Michael A. Hogg, "The solace of radicalism: Self-uncertainty and group identification in the face of threat" Elsevier BV 46 (46): 1061-1066, 2010
• 8 Kelman, H. C., "The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation" Oxford University Press 15-32, 2008
• 9 Stephen R Briggs, "The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales" Wiley 54 (54): 106-148, 1986
• 10 Sonia Roccas, "The paradox of group-based guilt: Modes of national identification, conflict vehemence, and reactions to the in-group's moral violations." American Psychological Association (APA) 91 (91): 698-711, 2006
• 11 Nadler, A., "The Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict" Oxford University Press 291-308, 2012
• 12 Bar-Tal, D., "The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology" Oxford University Press 923-956, 2013
• 13 Tropp, L. R., "The Oxford Handbook of Intergroup Conflict" Oxford University Press 2012
• 14 Michael Wenzel, "The Ingroup as Pars Pro Toto: Projection From the Ingroup Onto the Inclusive Category as a Precursor to Social Discrimination" SAGE Publications 29 (29): 461-473, 2016
• 15 Michael A. Hogg, "Subjective Uncertainty Reduction through Self-categorization: A Motivational Theory of Social Identity Processes" Informa UK Limited 11 (11): 223-255, 2011
• 16 Daniel Bar-Tal, "Sociopsychological Foundations of Intractable Conflicts" SAGE Publications 50 (50): 1430-1453, 2016
• 17 H. Tajfel, "Social identity and intergroup behaviour" SAGE Publications 13 (13): 65-93, 1974
• 18 Bentler, P. M., "Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures" 88 : 588-606, 1980
• 19 Gaertner, S. L., "Reducing intergroup bias: The Common Ingroup Identity Model" The Psychology Press 2000
• 20 Jiin Jung, "Recategorization and ingroup projection: Two processes of identity uncertainty reduction" Wiley 3 (3): 97-114, 2019
• 21 Jiin Jung, "Reaching Across the DMZ: Identity Uncertainty and Reunification on the Korean Peninsula" Wiley 37 (37): 341-350, 2016
• 22 Nunnally, J. C., "Psychometric theory" McGraw-Hill 1978
• 23 Dovidio, J. F., "Psychology of Prosocial Behavior:Group Processes, Intergroup Relations, and Helping" Wiley-Blackwell 191-207, 2010
• 24 Tajfel, H., "Psychology of Intergroup Relations" NelsonHall 276-293, 1986
• 25 Nurit Shnabel, "Promoting Reconciliation Through the Satisfaction of the Emotional Needs of Victimized and Perpetrating Group Members: The Needs-Based Model of Reconciliation" SAGE Publications 35 (35): 1021-1030, 2009
• 26 David K. Sherman, "Perceived Polarization: Reconciling Ingroup and Intergroup Perceptions Under Uncertainty" SAGE Publications 12 (12): 95-109, 2009
• 27 Campbell, D. T., "Nebraska Symposium on Motivation" University of Nebraska Press 283-311, 1965
• 28 Kenny, D. A., "Measuring model fit"
• 29 Hogg, M. A., "Intergroup relations and group solidarity : Effects of group identification and social beliefs on depersonalized attraction" 70 : 295-309, 1996
• 30 Jiin Jung, "Identity uncertainty and UK–Scottish relations: Different dynamics depending on relative identity centrality" SAGE Publications 21 (21): 861-873, 2017
• 31 Ellemers, N., "Handbook of theories of social psychology Vol. 2" SAGE Publications Ltd 379-398, 2012
• 32 Turner, J. C., "Handbook of theories of social psychology Vol. 2" SAGE Publications Ltd 399-417, 2012
• 33 Jiin Jung, "From uncertain boundaries to uncertain identity: Effects of entitativity threat on identity–uncertainty and emigration" Wiley 49 (49): 623-633, 2019
• 34 Daniel Bar‐Tal, "From Intractable Conflict Through Conflict Resolution To Reconciliation: Psychological Analysis" Wiley 21 (21): 351-365, 2002
• 35 Hu, L. T., "Fit indices in covariance structure modeling : Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification" 3 : 424-453, 1998
• 36 Barbara-Ann Mullin, "Dimensions of subjective uncertainty in social identification and minimal intergroup discrimination" Wiley 37 (37): 345-365, 1998
• 37 Lee Anna Clark, "Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development." American Psychological Association (APA) 7 (7): 309-319, 1995
• 38 John F. Dovidio, "Commonality and the Complexity of “We”: Social Attitudes and Social Change" SAGE Publications 13 (13): 3-20, 2009
• 39 John F. Dovidio, "Another view of “we”: Majority and minority group perspectives on a common ingroup identity" Informa UK Limited 18 (18): 296-330, 2010
• 40 Crisp, R. J., "Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Volume 39" Academic Press 163-254, 2007
• 41 Hogg, M. A., "Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Vol. 39" Academic Press 69-126, 2007
• 42 Abrams, D., "APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, Volume 2: Group Processes" American Psychological Association 203-228, 2015
• 43 James E Cameron, "A Three-Factor Model of Social Identity" Informa UK Limited 3 (3): 239-262, 2004