석조문화재 보존처리를 위한 무기질 바인더의 안정성 연구 : 산성강우적용을 중심으로
저자
발행사항
경주 : 경주대학교 일반대학원, 2010
학위논문사항
학위논문(석사)-- 경주대학교 일반대학원 : 문화재학과 2010. 8
발행연도
2010
작성언어
한국어
발행국(도시)
경상북도
형태사항
69p. ; 26 cm
일반주기명
지도교수: 도진영
소장기관
A study on stability of inorganic binder
as conservation material for stone monuments
- focused on the stability against acid rain-
Kim, Dae-Sik
Department of Cultural Properties
The Graduate School
Gyeongju University
(Supervised by Professer Do, Jinyoung)
(Abstract)
Most of stone monuments are located in out-door and need conservation process to maintain their original status against damages by natural conditions. A lot of sorts of conservation materials are currently applied according to damage types of the stone monuments while cement mortar and lime were used for conservation works generally restricted to binding and filling in the past.
Many factors influencing the deterioration on the stone monuments, environmental pollutions due to industrialization are dominant these days, among them, acid rain has been reported as one of the most critical variables which take effect. Treated conservation materials as well as rocks making up the stone monument are affected by those degradation factors, which shows damages such as efflorescence formation, exfoliation in their constituting rocks.
Problems were found in cement mortar applied as conservation materials for stone construction earlier in architecture industry and studies have been performed to replace it reporting better stability of inorganic binder. Stone monuments conservation, with similar problems as those in architecture takes into consideration the application of the new materials, however, due to its distinct characteristics of cultural properties management, researches should be performed in advance on various environmental conditions surrounding the monuments and their constituting rocks to secure stability of conservation process agents.
Degradation of inorganic binder by natural environment and its influences on rocks were analysed and practically demonstrated on stone samples in this study to ascertain the stability of inorganic binder expected to be applied as conservation materials for stone monuments. A species of pure inorganic binder(A) and 3 species of inorganic binder(B, C, D) which contain additives on the basis of species A were selected as test samples. Specimens were applied in Geochang granite and their influences on rocks were analysed. The stability of inorganic binder against rainfall was regarded as the most important factor among many damaging causes considering that stone monuments are located in the out-door. Artificial rain with pH 4.0 and 5.6, respectively were manufactured on the basis of the acidity of domestic rainfall whose average acidity ranged from pH 4.6 to 5.5 during 1998 to 2008. The artificial rain was applied in the inorganic binder and changes in their properties and rocks according to them were analysed. Alkaline rain with pH 8.0 and deionized water with pH 7.0 were prepared as control group. Inorganic binder was immersed in the artificial rain. Artificial rain was injected for 40 days on another inorganic binder attached on rock specimens.
Mg, K, Si, and infinitesimal Al were detected in specimen A, Si, Al, Mg, and K were detected in B, C, and Mg, Si, and K were in D, respectively by chemical analyses. XRD results showed that all the inorganic binder contained calcium-magnesium oxide, monocalcium phosphate, monokalium phosphate, and quartz.
Changes in weights were not definite according to the change in acidity of artificial rain while weight losses in inorganic binder A and D were more than 2 times of those in B and C.
Uniaxial compressive strength by ultrasonic propagation velocity showed that the difference according to rain acidity were negligible but significant according to specimen of inorganic binder. The compressive strengths of specimen A and B were larger than those of B and C before artificial rain application but its decrease rate were larger in A and D than B and C.
Change in color did not show significant correlation with the acidity of artificial rain but did according to specimen of inorganic binder. Their differences were A, D, C, and B in order of quantity. In this regard, inorganic binder was expected to make aesthetic problem in stone monuments by changing their color due to rainfall.
Water absorption rate before and after the artificial rain application were D, A, B, and C in order of degree. The rate of inorganic binder before the artificial rain application was high with 1.05 to 11.95 wt.%. Such high absorption was considered that it forced rain to move deep into inorganic binder and made the components of inorganic binder dissolve.
Cracks were found in all the binder specimens due to the artificial rain making microgaps between binder and rocks. The crack in the binder was found enhancing the inflow of water into rocks at the site of binder application.
Acidities of the artificial rain of pH 4.0, 5.6, 7.0, and 8.0, respectively were changed to alkaline over pH 9.0. Ion concentrations in the artificial rain changed after their reaction with the inorganic binder and Na+, Mg2+, and K+ significantly increased, dissolved from the binder. The high concentration of ions detected showed that the binder reacted with rainfall and formed salts with high solubility such as MgSO4·4H2O, MgSO4·6H2O, KNO3. Repeated dryness and wetness was considered to make the salt move into rocks along the crack in the binder and to have the rocks damaged by exerting physical pressure such as crystallization.
In conclusion, the degree of damage of the inorganic binder was lower in B and C than in A and D, however, all the 4 inorganic binder specimens were not thoght stable as conservation materials for stone monuments taking into consideration excessive water soluble ions in them and cracks they made.
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