高麗時代 醫學에 대한 考察 = A study of medical history in KORYO dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Koryo dynasty had 3 ministries & 6 cabinets under the king, fixed the policy as that of "north-march", took Buddhism as a state religon, encouraged agriculture and made social-cultural development in many sides of manual industry, typography, geography, medical science, astronomy, etc.
When Buddhism was a national religion, faith and healing had a close relation. So Pharmacist Buddha was the object of faith, and whenever epidermic prevailed, Sutra-chanting & pray were used as treatment. Besides, monks used medical skills, as method of mission. Occult arts for longevity of Taoism affcted to national health, and that religious ceremonies of Taoism infected the view of disease.
The medical system of Koryo dynasty was fully arranged as compared with previous area. In the central portion Taeuikam(太醫監) that took role of whole medical policy, doctor's education and examination, Sangyakgook(尙藥局) that took care of people in the Royal palace. The other side, Prince's doctor, Hanlimuikwan(翰林醫官), food doctor, army doctor, veterinarian, prison doctor, etc. were there Dongsuodaebiwon(東西大悲院), Jewibo(濟危寶), Hyaemingook(惠民局), and Guogedokam(救濟都監) were as relief organization.
Medical education fad been operated by doctor from Song(宋) dynasty in medical school from the period of the king Taejo, but from the king Gwangjong doctors who passed the exam were dispatched to provinces and take the education and healing.
Koryo communicated with Song(china) and made a development of social culture. In the respect of medicine, Taeuigam invited doctors from Song to undertake both education and treatment, furthermore they brought 『Taepyongsunghyaebang(太平聖惠方)』 『Suongjaechongrok (聖濟總錄)』 『Jeungryuoboncho(證類本草)』 『Shinuibokuipbang(神醫普救方)』 『Taepyonghaeminhwajaegookbang(太平惠民和劑局方)』, that contributed to the development of medical theories and skills, Koryo spreaded advanced medicine to Japan, Arab, Yojin(여진), Gueran(거란), etc. by trade.
Owing to developed skills of typography and papermaking since Shilla(新羅), Koryo reprinted medical books from china, and published Korean medical books as 『Jaejungiphyobang(濟衆立效方)』 『Shinjipuouichyoiyobang(新集御醫撮要方)』 『Donginghyonghumbang(東人經驗方)』.
Scientific character of Koryo was due to social tendency that everyone could insist their own theory on the basis of understanding and arrangement of 『Hwangjenaekyoung(黃帝內經)』 『Kapuilkyoung(甲乙經)』 『Nankyoung(難經)』through public exam system. Since the king Kwangjong period, doctors published 『Hwangje81nankyoungjuuidoseolon(黃帝八十一難經注義圖序論)』, with notes and diagrams.
In the field of herbalogy, escaping from the range of simple understanding 『Shinnongbonchokyoung(神農本草經)』, after inflow of 『Bonchoyokwal(本草要括)』 『Jeunglyouboncho(證類本草)』, knowleges of new herbs were accumulated gradually, and sort of herbs and thories were arranged.
As clinical medicine developed, they put an importance on examination of pulse, not with dialectics, they treated people according to their symtoms by using crude drug.
The appearance of 'Korean Herb(鄕藥)' is regarded as the ye important characteristics of Koryo medicine. The appearance of 'Korean Herb', on the basis of what "Herb out of Korea can cure disease in Korea", was transitional to creat original medical science, that's why, although they followed chinese medical 'theory, principle, prescription' that were grounded on "Yinyangohang(陰賜五行)", they, at least, used Korean 'Herb' as Korean Herb. As Korean herb appeared, korian books were published, those are, 『Hyanyaltguoguipbang(鄕藥救急方)』 『Samhwaiahyangyakbang(三和子鄕藥方)』 『Hyangyakhaeminhyounghumbang(鄕藥惠民經驗方)』 for people to get drugs easily, which contributed for the health of nations.
Due to publishing books on fundamental theories and Korean herb, people could overcome their disease easily by Korean herbal book, and it was the improvement of medical theory through the comment or arrangement of the basic medical text that could create a new medical theory out of imitating chinese medicine.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.序論
• Ⅱ.本論
• 1.政治社會的 背景 및 思想的 潮流
• 2.醫政制度 및 科擧制度
• 3.醫學交流와 醫書刊行
• 4.醫學理論과 臨床醫學의 發達
• 5.醫學의 自主的 發展
• 6.醫家
• Ⅲ.結論