인체의 관절운동으로부터 압전에너지를 수확하는 스포츠의류 디자인의 개발
저자
발행사항
서울 : 연세대학교 대학원, 2015
학위논문사항
Thesis(doctoral)-- 연세대학교 대학원 : 의류환경학과 2015. 2
발행연도
2015
작성언어
미상
주제어
발행국(도시)
대한민국
형태사항
1v ; 26 cm
일반주기명
지도교수: 이주현
소장기관
The harvesting of piezoelectricity through the human body involves the conversion of consumable mechanical energy, generated by the repeated movements of the body, to electrical energy, irrespective of the time and location. It facilitates the stable and continuous harvesting of piezoelectricity, without causing damage to the environment. The objective of this study is to maximize the efficiency of harvesting piezoelectricity on the basis of the fact that this efficiency changes with the convex state of the harvester to the garments. The piezoelectric harvester used in this study is based on PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) whose flexibility is superior to that of other piezoelectric materials. This PVDF-based harvester was developed to exhibit a stacked structure, with a polymer film adhered to the top of the PVDF layer; the simultaneous stretching and contraction of these two layers enabled an increase in the output of the harvester.
In pilot experiment Ⅰ, the efficiency of piezoelectricity harvesting based on the tightness level of a seamless knit was analyzed by measuring the harvested piezoelectricity generated during the movement of the elbow and knee joints; in this case, the measurement was performed for the following three cases by applying the proposed harvester to the elbow and knee: (1) the measurement was performed on nude skin, (2) the measurement was performed on a subject wearing less tight garment, and (3) the measurement was performed on a subject wearing tight garment. From the results of this experiment, it was found that the harvested piezoelectricity increased by 74.8% and 65.5% in the elbow and knee areas for the subject wearing tight garment as compared with that observed in the case of the subject wearing less tight garment.
In pilot experiment Ⅱ, the efficiency of piezoelectricity harvesting was analyzed on the basis of the alternative designs of the proposed harvester; this analysis was performed by taking into consideration three alternative designs of the proposed harvester: (1) 2 spots flat supporting design(A), (2) 3 spots flat supporting design(B), and (3) 7 spots flat supporting design(C). Further, in this analysis, the harvested piezoelectricity for the three abovementioned harvester configurations was measured with respect to the movement of the joints of the elbow and knee at frequencies 0.5Hz, 1Hz, 1.5Hz, and 2Hz. From the results of this experiment, it was found that in the case of the elbow joint at 2Hz, the harvested piezoelectricity increased by 183.4% for design(C) as compared with that observed for design(A), and it increased by 65.9% for design(C) as compared with that observed for the case of design(B). Further, in the case of the knee joint at 2Hz, the harvested piezoelectricity increased by 287.9% for design(C) as compared with that observed in the case of design(A), and it increased by 45.9% for design(C) as compared with that observed in the case of design(B).
In the main experiment Ⅰ, the impact of garment design on the harvesting of piezoelectricity was examined by measuring the harvested piezoelectricity at four tightness levels (T1, T2, T3, and T4) associated with the movement of the joints at frequencies 0.5Hz, 1Hz, 1.5Hz, and 2Hz; these measurements were performed on the elbow and forearm of a dummy arm, and the impact of the muscles surrounding the joints in consideration was eliminated. From the results of this experiment, it was found that the harvested piezoelectricity increased with the tightness levels. Further, the harvested piezoelectricity increased with the frequency for all the tightness levels. In addition, it was found that the efficiency of piezoelectricity harvesting was typically higher for the elbow than for the forearm. The maximum angle (165°) was higher than the 1/2 angle (90°).
The main experiment Ⅱ was performed on a human subject to examine the impact of garment design on the harvesting of piezoelectricity. The harvested piezoelectricity during the movement of the elbow and knee joints at frequencies 1Hz and 2Hz was measured for 12 seamless knits by combining the abovementioned four tightness levels using three design configurations, namely, (1) 7 spots flat supporting design(D1), (2) 3-D design(D2), and (3) reinforced 3-D design(D3). From the results of this experiment, it was found that the harvested piezoelectricity increased with the tightness levels T1, T2, T3, and T4. Hence, from this result as demonstrated in the main experiment Ⅰ involving the use of a dummy model, it was verified that the harvesting of piezoelectricity was significantly affected by the tightness of the garment, irrespective of the intervening effect of the muscle activity. The reinforced 3-D design that maximizes the convex state of the proposed harvester was found to have the highest efficiency for all the areas of the joints in the human body. It was proved that the design configuration affected the efficiency of piezoelectricity harvesting.
The comfort level was evaluated on the basis of the following three parameters, in order to determine the subjective clothing comfort level: the pressure sensation level, activity sensation level, and thermal sensation level. The evaluated comfort level was then used to develop a suitable design configuration for the wearability of sportswear that supports the harvesting of piezoelectricity; by targeting the garment of the main experiment Ⅱ. The comfort level of the clothing was derived on the basis of the tightness level of the seamless knit, design structure of the garment, area of energy harvesting, and frequency of motion; further, the comfort level was calculated on the basis of the arithmetic mean of the three parameters. Thus, it was found that a garment that was seamless knit by taking into account the tightness level(T3) and design configuration(D3) was not only effective in the harvesting of piezoelectricity but it was also comfortable to wear. The characteristics of the reinforced 3-D design(D3) are as follows. The fixture that supports the piezoelectric element was placed on the 7 spots between the polymer films on the top of the piezoelectric harvester. The surface of the seamless knit apparatus, which was vertical to the direction of movement of the harvester, was lowered toward the skin to increase adhesion with the skin. Simultaneously, a cord string with a diameter of 0.5cm was inserted under the polymer film to inflate the space between the fabric and the polymer film, three dimensionally, for maintaining the convex state of the polymer film during the movement of the joints. Sportswear for physical sports such as cycling, climbing, rowing, and crossfit were designed on the basis of the requirements of garment design established in this study; further, the results of this study prove that it is possible to design a garment that can not only be used as sportswear but can also be used for the harvesting of piezoelectricity.
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