The present condition of science education has been investigated b means of questionaires, interviews and referring to literature, and the points at issue gave been extracted on the basis of them, and in consideration of the problems various materials for experiment and practice have been developed to be used for the effective inquiry learning. The present condition and problems of science education in junior high schools are as follows;
1) Science teacher's backgrounds for their teaching profession and majors are good, but they are overburdened and the classes are overcrowded.
2) The textbooks now in use contain too much contents, the levels are high, and the books lack in appropriateness.
3) Especially the contents Presented for experimental activities require too many tasks to be digested in a given time.
4) Experimental facilities or instruments are unsatisfatory in their quantity or quality, and instruments or teaching materials that can be used effectively are far from being sufficient. Futhermore, some experimental instruments are too crude to work successfully.
5) Students' elementary knowledge is not sufficient, and the degrees of their interest or understanding are low.
6) With the teaching methods still conservative and the teachers unable to give satisfactory inquiry leaning. the students are disencouraged.
7) Support of experimental facilities, encouragement of teachers, appropriate school inspection, and administrative or financial aids are desired.
In this study, materials for every branch of science have been developed to be available for the effective performance of experiments and practices through inquiry. The materials developed in this study are as follows.
1. The following materials are presented in physics: the relations between the heat quantity of water and the temperature change, and between the heat quantity of the electric heat line and the electric current, for group experiments; the observation of Brown motion, Law of Archimedes, altimeters, comparing the heat capacity of metals, the transmission of radiation, the frictional electricity, the interaction of electric current with magnetic needle, and Fleming's right-hand rule, as the reference materials of demonstration; a program learning materials for diffusion of light with experimental kit utilized in learning the properties of light; a program learning material on the diffraction of light with an experimental kit utilized in learning the diffraction and interference of light.
2. In chenistry, the experimental materials for electrolysis are presented as the teaching-learning material of group experiment. Besides, the errors in the experimental materials and inappropriate expressions in the textbooks now in use are corrected and completed:
3. In biology, problems have been extracted by means of questionaires about the general learning contents and the analisis of Japanese textbooks, and the materials for experiment have been developed. The observation of somatic cell division, that of mold, and that of prothallium are presented as the materials for group experiment.
Inquiry learning based on experiment and practice should be settled on the scenes of learning, and the suggestions are made to the effect as follows.
1) The quantity of learning should be reduced, and the levels lowered in the new textbooks.
2) The development and distribution of individual learning materials for the master learning are desirable.
3) The items for group experiment should be reduced to the minimum, and the thorough inquiry learning should be pursued, and the greater part should be replaced by the demonstrative experiments or audio-visual materials.
4) The experimental instruments should be manufactured and distributed on the national scale to ensure their solidity and accuracy.
5) The atmosphere in which inquiry learning is performed by the teacher's creative efforts is greatly needed, To support this conditioning, exhibitions of scientific works should be held continually, science museums operated, the research centers of science education cooperated, new materials for practice developed and studied, and the corporations for research of science education fostered.
6) The measures to lighten the teachers' burden and to encourage them should be contrived.
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