만경강유역의 개간과정과 취락형성발달에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As a results of researches on the cultivation processes and settlement developments on the Mangyoung river valley as a whole could be have four `Space-Time Continuity` through a 〔Origin-Destination〕 theory model. On a initial phases of cultivation, the cultivation process has been begun at mountain slopes and tributary plains in upper part of river-basin from Koryo Dynasty to early Chosun Dynasty. At first, indigenous peasants burned forests on the mountain slopes for making `dryfield` for a cereal crops. Following population increase more stable food supply is necessary facets of life inducing a change production method into a `wetfield` in tributary plains matching the population increase. First sedentary agriculture maybe initiated at this mountain slopes and tributary plains on upper part of river basin through a burning cultivation methods. Mountain slopes and tributary plains are become a Origin area in cultivation processes. It expanded from up to down through the valleys with `a bits of land` fashion in a steady pace like a terraced fields expanded with bit by bit of land to downward. They expanded their land to the middle part of river basin in mid period of Chosun Dynasty with dike construction techniques on the river bank. Lower part of river cultivated with embankment building techniques in 1920s and then naturally expanded to the tidal marshes on the estuaries and river inlets of coastal areas. `Pioneer fringes` are consolidated at there in modern times. Changes in landscapes are appeared it`s own characters with each periods of time. Followings are results of study through the Mangyoung river valley as a whole. ① Mountain slopes and tributary plains on the upper part of river are cultivated `dryfields` by indigenous peasants with Burning cultivation methods at first and developed sedentary settlements at the edges of mountain slopes and on the river terrace near the fields. They formed a kind of `periphery-located cluster type` of settlement. This type of settlement are become a prominent type in upper part of river basin. `Dryfields` has been changed into a `wetfields` at the narrow tributary plains by increasing population pressure in later time. These wetfields are supplied water by Weir and Ponds Irrigation System(제언수리방법). Streams on the tributary plains has been attracted wetfields besides of it and formed a 〔water＋land〕 complex on it. `Wetfields` are expanded from up to downward with a terraced land pattern(ladder like pattern, 붕전) according to the gradient of valley. These periphery located settlements are formed a intimate ecological linkage with several sets of surroundings. Inner villages are expanded to Outer villages according to the expansion of arable lands into downward. ② Mountain slopes and tributary plains expanded its territory to the alluvial deposited plains on the middle part of river valley with a urgent need of new land by population increase. This part of alluvial plains are cultivated mainly in mid period of Chosun Dynasty. Irrigation methods are changed into a Dike Construction Irrigation method(천방수리방법) for the control of floods. It has a trend to change the subjectives of cultivation from community-oriented one who constructed Bochang along tributaries making rice paddies to local government authorities who could be gather large sums of capitals, techniques and labours for the big dike construction affairs. Settlements are advanced in the midst of plains avoiding friction of distances and formed a `Centrallocated cluster type` of settlements. There occurred a hierarchical structures of settlements in ranks and sizes according merits of water supply and transportation convenience at the broad plains. Big towns are developed at there. It strengthened a more prominent 〔water＋land〕 complex along the canals. Ecological linkages between settlements and surroundings are shaded out into a tiny one in this area. ③ It is very necessary to get a modern technology of fl