시각장애인과 비장애인의 촉각 지각 능력 비교 = Comparing Tactile Perception Ability between Blind and Normal

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: Trying to provide the basic materials about tactile perception training by figuring out if tactile perception is affected by the existence of vision after comparing tactile perception ability between blind and normal. Methods: Conducted this experiment on 9 blind who are registered in association of blind, and 7 normal in the age of 70s and 9 normal people in the age of 20s - total of 25 people. For the preliminary examination, I measured the cognitive function to select the subject. For the tactile perception ability, two point discrimination, tactile discrimination and texture discrimination were measured. SPSS Ver. 18.0 was used for the static analysis; ANOVA and LSD post analysis were used to compare tactile perception ability and to make a descriptive statistics. Results: For the two point discrimination, blind in 70s resulted to have better perception than normal in 70s and 20s(p<.05). For the tactile discrimination in ulnar, it was found out that the blind in 70s perceive better than the normal of 70s but worse than the normal in 20s(p<.05). Also, normal in 20s had better perception than normal in 70s. In radius, there was no difference between blind and normal in 70s(p>.05), but worse than normal in 20s(p<.05). Also, the perception of normal in 20s is better than the perception normal in 70s(p<.05). For the texture discrimination, there was no difference in perceiving the front side of leather(p>.05), but blind in 70s perceive the back of leather better than the normal in the 20s. Conclusion: There was difference in tactile perception ability between normal and blind. Thus, when tactile perceiving training, I will provide the basic materials about task application depending on the existence of vision. (J Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation 2012;4:11∼19)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적: 시각장애인과 비장애인을 대상으로 촉각 지각 능력을 비교하여 촉각 지각 능력이 시각 기능의 유무에 따라 차이가 있는지를 알아보아 촉각 지각 훈련에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 2012년 9월부터 10월까지 한국 시각장애인 협회 등록된 70대 시각장애인 9명, 70대 비장애인 7명, 20대 비장애인 9명으로 총 25명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 대상자 선별을 위한 사전 검사로 인지기능을 측정하였으며, 촉각 지각 능력은 이점분별감각, 비분별성 촉각, 질감분별에 대해 측정하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS Ver. 18.0으로 대상자의 일반적 특성에 대한 기술통계와 세 군간 촉각 지각 능력의 비교는 일원배치 분산분석과 사후검정으로 최소유의차(least significant difference; LSD)검정을 하였다. 결과: 이점분별감각은 70대 시각장애인이 70대 비장애인과 20대 비장애인에 비해 지각력이 가장 높았다(p<.05). 비분별성 촉각은 노뼈측에서 70대 시각장애인이 70대 비장애인보다 지각력이 높았으나, 20대 비장애인보다는 지각력이 낮았다(p<.05). 또한 20대 비장애인이 70대 비장애인보다 지각력이 높았다(p<.05). 자뼈측에서는 70대 시각장애인이 70대 비장애인과의 지각력에는 차이가 없었고(p>.05), 20대 비장애인보다는 지각력이 낮았다(p<.05). 또한 20대 비장애인이 70대 비장애인보다 지각력이 높았다(p<.05). 질감분별은 가죽 앞면에서 지각력의 차이는 없었으나(p>.05), 가죽 뒷면에서는 70대 시각장애인이 20대 비장애인에 비해 질감분별 지각력이 높았다(p<.05). 결론: 시각장애인과 비장애인에서 촉각 지각 능력에 차이가 있었다. 따라서 촉각 지각 훈련시 시각 차단 유무가 과제수행에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점을 고려해야 할 것이다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 권용철, "노인용 한국판 Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K)의 표준화 연구-제1편: MMSE-K의 개발" 28 : 125-135, 1989
• 2 Levanen S., "Vibration-induced auditory-cortex activation in a congenitally deaf adult" 8 (8): 869-872, 1998
• 3 Gottfried A. W., "Touch:The Foundation of Experience" International Universities Press 1990
• 4 Pascual-Leone A., "The metamodal organization of the brain" 134 (134): 427-445, 2001
• 5 Smith J. C., "The Effects of Tactile Defensiveness and Tactile Discrimination on In-Hand Manipulation" 45 (45): 811-818, 1991
• 6 Roberto C., "Task-independent and Task-specific Age Effects on Brain Activity during Working Memory, Visual Attention and Episodic Retrieval" 14 (14): 364-375, 2004
• 7 Johansson R. S., "Tactile sensibility in the human hand: receptive field characteristics of mechanoreceptive units in the glabrous skin area" 281 (281): 101-125, 1978
• 8 Royeen C. B., "Tactile function in learing disabled and normal children: Reliability and validity considerations" 9 : 16-23, 1989
• 9 Jones L. A., "Tactile displays: guidance for their design and application" 50 (50): 90-111, 2008
• 10 Sadato N., "Tactile discrimination activates the visual cortex of the recently blind naive to Braille: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in humans" 359 (359): 49-52, 2004
• 11 Goldreich D., "Tactile acuity is enhanced in blindness" 23 (23): 3439-3445, 2003
• 12 Warner J. B., "Stock prices and top management changes" 20 (20): 461-492, 1988
• 13 Ayres J., "Sensory Integration and Learing Disorders" 1972
• 14 Kandel E. R., "Principles of Neural Science" Elsevier Publishing 1985
• 15 Goldreich D., "Performance of blind and sighted humans on a tactile grating detection task" 68 (68): 1363-1371, 2006
• 16 Farber S. D., "Neurorehabilitation: A Multisensory Approach" WB Saunders 1982
• 17 Verrillo R. T., "Effects of hydration on tactile sensation" 15 (15): 93-108, 1998
• 18 Sterr A., "Development of cortical reorganization in the somatosensory cortex of adult Braille students" 49 (49): 292-298, 1999
• 19 Novak C. B., "Development of New Measure of Time Sensory Function" 92 (92): 301-310, 1993
• 20 Rauschecker J. P., "Cortical map plasticity in animals and humans" 138 : 73-88, 2002
• 21 Van de Winckel A., "Cognitive and behavioural effects of music-based exercises in patients with dementia" 18 (18): 253-260, 2004
• 22 Roll., "Adult day care forges new links to the community" 13 (13): 40-42, 1987