동아시아의 인권 협력의 가능성과 한계: 코로나19 감염병과 미얀마 사태를 중심으로 = Possibilities and Limitations of Human Rights Cooperation in East Asia: Focusing on the COVID-19 and the Myanmar Crisis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Scholars have studied possibilities and limitations of cooperation in human rights issues. Students of East Asian human rights politics have discovered that findings from other regions cannot easily be applied to the region. First, East Asia is characterized by a lack of regional human rights institutions and organizations to coordinate during the time of human rights crises.
Moreover, bilateral relations between Korea-Japan, China-Japan, and Taiwan-China all show that power politics dominate and the politics of memory is highly contentious. This article examines the possibilities and limitations of human rights cooperation in East Asia, focusing on the two recent human rights crises in the region: (1) the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on human rights and (2) the military coup and subsequent human rights violations in Myanmar. The two cases confirm that the findings from other regions do not fit to East Asia. However, both cases also show some important possibilities. First, the COVID-19 case shows that when faced with unprecedented global pandemic, human rights protection is possible when countries learn from and cooperate with each other. Second, the Myanmar case shows that not only governments but also civil societies are critical actors in promoting human rights in the region.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

많은 학자가 인권 협력을 연구했으나 국제적으로 도출된 결론은 두 가지 이유로 동아시아에쉽게 적용되지 않는다. 첫째, 유럽이나 남미와비교하면 동아시아에는 인권 협력을 위한 기초적 제도나 기구도 없다. 둘째, 한일, 한중, 북일, 양안 관계에서 보듯이 동아시아 인권 문제는 주로 첨예한 국제 갈등을 유발하며, 협력보다 인권을 매개한 권력 정치와 갈등이 더 빈번하다. 이논문의 목적은 2022년 현재 동아시아의 주요 인권 문제를 개괄하고, 최근 발생한 두 사례를 통해 인권 협력의 가능성과 한계를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 첫째, 동아시아의 인권 문제를 개괄하고 이를 국내와 국제, 역사적 문제와 최근문제로 분류해, 각각의 특성을 살펴본다. 둘째, 코로나19 감염병과 인권, 미얀마 사태와 인권 문제를 통해 동아시아 국가 간 인권 문제에 대한협력의 가능성과 한계를 분석한다. 동아시아 인권 협력은 여전히 쉽지 않다. 하지만 두 사례는협력의 가능성도 여전히 있음을 보여준다. 두 사례 모두 한 국가의 인권 문제는 그 국가만의 문제로만 인식되지는 않는다는 점을 입증했다. 또한 정부의 역할에는 한계가 있고 국내외 여론과시민사회가 중요함도 보여줬다.

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