국가권력에 의한 인권침해의 원인과 이론적 논의：인권위기상황에 대한 정책 제언 = Human Rights Violation by State Sponsored Violence: A Policy Suggestion for the Crisis of Human Rights Conditions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article addresses the causes of massacre as the worst case of personal integrity rights violation, which has been observed in the process of democratization movement in many Middle Eastern countries such as Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Jordan and Bahrain.
In the second chapter, the author discusses three major parts of human rights;the personal integrity rights, political rights and civil liberty, and subsistent rights. Since these are interrelated, deterioration in one part can result in the worst case scenario, a massacre by state sponsored violence.
The rational actor theory provides a theoretical base for how the state employs violent policy tools to suppress the public uprising toward democratization. This explains the human rights violation by an authoritarian government in a given country.
Under a situation where a authoritarian ruling group dominates political power,challenging group opposes to the authoritarian system and requires domestic political democratization, which is a major threat to the ruling group. When the ruling group faces the threat from the challenging group, the ruling group will employ an oppressive policy to strengthen their power and to weaken the power of challenging group.
This process can results in a massacre. In weakening the challenging group, the ruling group utilizes security ideology and development ideology to justify the oppressive policy and to select the sacrifice from the challenging groups.
This article points out major variables that enable the organized state sponsored violence:(1) participation in a militarized interstate conflict, (2) engagement of civil war, (3) extra-constitutional system transformation, and (4) concentration of political power. Finally, the conclusion part presents alternatives to prevent massacre by state sponsored violence:(1) prevention of a militarized intra-and inter-state dispute, (2) democratization as a part of institutionalization, and (3) proliferation of socio?cultural pluralism.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 최근 중동의 민주화 요구에서 나타나는 것처럼 국가 권력에 의한 인권침해의 심각성에 중점을 두고 국가 권력에 의한 개인의 신체적 자유권이 침해되는 현상 중에서 대량학살의 원인에 대해서 논의하였다.
인권을 구성하는 세 가지 주요 요소라고 할 수 있는 개인의 신체적 자유권, 시민의자유와 정치적 권리, 그리고 경제적 생존권의 개념을 논의한 후 이들 권리의 상호관계가 궁극적으로 최악의 상황이라고 할 수 있는 국가권력에 의한 대량학살로 어떻게 이어질 수 있는지에 대해서 논의하였다.
이론 부분에서는 국가권력에 의한 대량학살이 이루어지는 과정을 합리적 행위자 이론에 기초하여 논의하였다. 권위주의 정권이 집권하는 국가에서 지배집단 정치권력을 장악하고 있는 상황에서 도전집단이 권위주의 체제에 반대하여 민주주의를 요구하는 위기상황에서 지배집단이 도전집단을 제어하는 과정에서 지배집단의 힘을 강화하고 도전집단의 힘을 약화시키는 정책이 인권탄압으로 나타난다고 전제하였다. 지배집단이 도전집단을 약화시키는 과정에서 안보정책을 통해 국가의 폭력을 정당화하고 발전이데올로기를 통해 희생자 집단을 선정한다. 본 논문은 지배세력이 도전세력의 인권을 조직적으로 억압하는 상황을 만드는 독립변수로 (1) 국가가 전쟁에 참여하는 경우, (2) 내전의 발생, (3) 초헌법적 체제의 변화, (4) 권력의 집중을 들고 있다. 끝으로 결론에서는 최악의 인권 상황인 국가권력에 의한 대량학살을 방지하는 대안으로 (1) 내전을 포함한 군사적 분쟁의 예방, (2) 국내정치적인 제도화로서 민주주의, (3) 다원적 가치관의 확산을 제시하였다.

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