전환기의 동아시아 사회와 왜구 = Waegu(倭寇) and East Asian society in transition period -Focusing on Waegu after the year of 1350-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The researchers in Japan have recognized the wake after the year of 1350 as "the normal people (soldiers, retailers, fishermen) in the border area plundered the villages in the disorganized period of the war between Southern and Northern government in Japan". They even insist, "Japanese pirates and Goryeo, Joseon people joined together in this plunder". The historical view from Korea about Waegu is also followed by these recognitions. Therefore, the historical role of Waegu after the year of 1350 was underestimated.
However, the Waegu after the year of 1350 paralyzed the government system of Goryeo through the plunder of goods, kidnapping innocent people, and setting the fire to government offices. The Waegu also brought the change of tax transfer system in Goryeo since they plundered the commercial place and the merchant ships. Goryeo government migrated people to the inland areas where is located far from the seashore because they could not consider the efficient counter plan to Waegu. This meant that Goryeo government abandoned the fertile agricultural land. This policy also caused the wandering and a famine of people. There was another negative effect on this policy. The Goryeo government tried to make people (called Hwachuk and Jaein) soldiers for the attack of Waegu. The policy caused complication between the people and the government, and it resulted in antigovernment action, which was named false Waegu. Waegu issue also raised a diplomatic friction between Goryeo and Ming Dynasty. In fact, Goryeo government assumed Ming Dynasty could attack Korea peninsular because of Waegu problems. Under these serious conditions of Goryeo, the government considered transference of the capital city profoundly.
But, the core of Waegu group was the expertise partisan group who had much experience over the wartime of a couple of decades between Southern and Northern government in Japan. Thus, the Waegu were never defeated in the war with Kayo national army on Korea peninsular. The Goryeo government had sent envoys several times to Japan, and they realized the prohibition of the Waegu could be succeed only by the strong establishment of public power in Japan. Due to this reason, Goryeo government cooperated with the Northern government of Japan (shogunate), and they accelerated the aggressive action to the Waegu. Shogunate also aggressively intervened to the Waegu because of the diplomatic pressure from Goryeo and Ming Dynasty. Furthermore, Shogunate sent Imagawa Ryoshun to Kyushu area and took military intervention in the area.
The critical factor to forbid the Waegu's activities was the existence of strong public power, which had the strong will and ability to control the Waegu's influence. In other words, the Waegu after the year of 1350 was the social state from the absence of strong public power. Contrary to the theory that Japanese researchers have insisted, the Waegu was suppressed by not the policy in the early Joseon dynasty, but the Muromachi shougunate's aggressive military intervention under the diplomatic pressure from Goryeo and Ming dynasty, also the attack to the fleets of Waegu by the Goryeo's navy. The civil war continuing for 60 years was ended after the establishment of public power was recovered due to the military intervention from the Muromachi shogununates in Kyushu area and the Goryeo governments in Korea peninsular. In addition to that, the Goryeo dynasty fell and was substituted for Joseon dynasty by Seong-Gye Lee, who had gained military and political power in the suppression process of Waegu.
We have to interpret that the union of Southern and Northern government of Japan and the change of Dynasty in Korea peninsula happened by chance. However, we should consider these two incidents were related together through the medium "Waegu". In this perspective, Waegu was not only the historical phenomenon in the transitional period of East Asian society but also the common reason to intermediate the

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 왜구의 정의
• Ⅲ. ‘경인년 이후의 왜구’의 主體
• Ⅳ. ‘경인년 이후의 왜구’의 鎭靜
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 〈ABSTRACT〉