로마규정상 재판적격성 결정기준으로서의 일사부재리 원칙

국문 초록 (Abstract)

로마규정 제20조 제3항의 일사부재리의 원칙은 특정 사건이 ICC의 재판 대상이될 수 있는가의 여부, 즉 재판적격성 문제와 밀접한 관련성을 지니고 있다. 환언하면, ICC 관할범죄행위에 대해 다른 재판소에 의해 이미 재판을 받은 자는 동일한 행위에 대하여 원칙적으로 ICC에 의하여 다시 재판을 받지 않는다. 그렇지만, 다른 재판소에서의 절차가 소위 ‘허위재판’에 해당하는 경우에는 ICC가 다시 재판할 수 있다. 이러한 재판적격성 결정기준으로서의 일사부재리 원칙은 지난 2019년 4월 5일자 리비아 사태의 Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi 사건 결정에서 다루어졌는데, 이 원칙은 그 해석과 적용에 있어서 다양한 쟁점들을 내포하고 있다. 이 원칙의 적용 여하에 따라 국가의 일차적 관할권 행사가 제약되고 ICC가 사건에 개입할 수도 있다는 점에서 이 원칙에 대한 엄격한 해석이 요구된다. 이러한 배경하에서, 이 글에서는 로마규정상 일사부재리의 원칙을 개관하고, 재판적격성 결정기준으로서의 일사부재리 원칙을 둘러싼 여섯 가지 쟁점들을 검토한 후, 국가의 국내법원에서 재판이 종결된 이후 유죄판결을 받은 자에 대해 국가의 당국이 사면을 부여했을 때 이것이 재판적격성 결정기준으로서의 일사부재리 원칙에 미치는 영향이 무엇인지 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 이 원칙 자체의 규범적 요소들에 관한 쟁점들, 예컨대 ‘동일한 행위’의 규범적 의미, 소위 ‘보통범죄’ 논쟁, ‘다른 재판소’ 및 ‘재판’이라는 개념요소에 대한 해석 문제, ‘적법절차 위반’ 문제 등은 학자들의 견해나 ICC 판례를 통해 상당 부분 해소될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그렇지만, 국내법원에 의한 재판 종결 이후 부여되는 국가의 사면조치가 일사부재리의 원칙에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 현 로마규정 내에서 명확한 해답을 구하기 어렵다는 결론에 다다랐다. 향후 이에 대한 더욱 면밀한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ne bis in idem principle in Article 20(3) of the Rome Statute is closely related to whether a particular case may be subject to trial by the ICC, namely the issues of admissibility. In other words, no person who has ever been tried by another court for conduct proscribed under the Rome Statute article 6, 7, 8 or 8 bis shall, in principle, be tried by the ICC with respect to the same conduct. However, if the proceedings in the other court constitute so-called ‘sham trial’, the ICC may try the case again.
The ne bis in idem principle as a criterion for determining the admissibility of a case, addressed in the decision on the Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi case on April 5th 2019, implies a variety of issues in its interpretation and application. This principle requires to be strictly interpreted in that the State’s exercise of primary jurisdiction may be restricted and the ICC may handle a case, depending on how this principle is applied to the actual case.
Under this backdrop, this article overviewed the ne bis in idem principle under the Rome Statute, reviewed six issues surrounding the ne bis in idem principle as a criterion for determining the admissibility of a case, and then examined the effect of the national amnesty on the principle above when the national authorities granted amnesty to the convicted after the trial was concluded in the national court.
As a result, we could see that issues concerning the normative elements of this principle, such as the normative meaning of ‘the same conduct’, the so-called ‘ordinary crime’ debate, the interpretation of the concept of ‘another court’ and ‘trial’, and the ‘violation of due process’, can be resolved in large part through the views of scholars or ICC precedents. However, we have come to the conclusion that it is difficult to find an answer within the present Rome Statute to the question about the effect of the national amnesty, granted after a trial by a national court, on the ne bis in idem principle. Further research is highly recommended for that matter.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 〈국문초록〉
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 로마규정상 일사부재리 원칙
• Ⅲ. 재판적격성 결정기준으로서의 일사부재리 원칙의 쟁점 검토
• Ⅳ. 재판적격성 결정기준으로서의 일사부재리 원칙과 사면
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• 〈Abstract〉

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