大邱市 周邊地域 Central Place의 機能 = Function of Central Places in the Area surrounding Daegu City

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. This paper attempts to find the function of all urban centers in the selecte surrounding area of Daegu City, South Korea and analyse it as one aspect of central place studies. This study also tries to clarify the characteristics of the central functions of the area, compared with those obtained from studies completed elsewhere.
2. The study area includes Daegu City and its neighboring eight Guns which are located in the central part of southern Gyoungsangbuk Do. (1) They are located within a distance of 40㎞ from Daegu City and were found to be its intensive tributary area using several indexes. (2) They have nearly the same area and population as those of other central place study areas. (3) They produce almost none other farm products and have poor underground resources and show economic dependence on agriculture. Almost all of non-farm laborers are engaged in commerce and services, Daegu and its suburbs being the only industrialised places. (4) Except for urban center of the highest order, Daegu and a few of its suburbs, all urban centers in the study area are central places which serve to meet the needs of farm dwellers of the surrounding area by supplying them with goods and services. These facts reveal that the chosen case study area is nearly ideal from the stand point of testing the central place theory.
3. Materials were collected directly from field work in whicn the location of all establishments having urban functions were plotted on the map; information was obtained which was needed for close examination of location and size of function.
4. The results of functional analysis can be summarized as follows:
A. The number of establishments in the 78 urban centers of the study area dealt with in the field work is 7203 from which 271 different kinds of urban functions were identified. For the convenience of comparision with other areas, business was categorized into eight types and a complete inventory of urban functions in the study area was made. These will serve as a comprehensive list of functions achieved not only in this area but in the central places of the Korean agricultural area in general.
The major problems found in the proceduers of functional classification, or the outstanding characteristics of the urban center of the area are:
1) no functional differentation because most retail stores deal with various foods or perform more than two types functions such as commerce and services.
2) no differentiation of wholesale and retail trades or differentiation between them difficult.
B. The threshold population of function was decided to be the first step to functional analysis. After a matrix was made in such a way as to represent urban centers in rows and functions in columns, and levels of entry on which each function was to be plotted were found, the threshlold population of 271 establishments with different functions was obtained. The threshold population by threshold order and eight functional unit is seen as in the figure 2. An accurate delimitation of geographic urban area which became the basis of urban center population was difficult to make and though there may be founds some problems in the accuracy of population itself, the threshold population of the 271 functional establishments has been determined for the first time in Korea. The threshold population by function within this study area is generally higher than that of Snohomish County, Washington and Baden Wu¨rttemberg in Germany, and the delay of functional development of Korean urban areas may be noticed. In particular, functions with threshold populations higher, lower or similar to those found in the above mentioned studies were extracted and discussed in some detail.
C. 1) An over-all population-size class by function was made but without clear-cut differentiation between the classes. The functions of group 1 (400-1400 persons), group 11(1,600-6,800 persons), group Ⅲ(6,800-1,900 persons) and group Ⅳ(19,000-25,000 persons), which were recognized with difficulty, corresponed approximately to those of hamlet(group Ⅰ), village and small town (group Ⅱ), large town (groups Ⅲ & Ⅳ), respectively.
2) As opposed to the functions related to any given population size group, the ones found evenly distributed in all of the groups, regardless of population size, were selected. They are the basic functions which all central places within the Korean agricultural area have regardless of population size.
3) In the meantime, irregularly occuring functions were found in considerable number as seen in figure 4.
D. 78 urban centers in the study area were graded in accordance with the assessment of functions which are provided to their surrounding hinterlands.
1) Based on the field data obtained in 1974, the functional index value of each urban center was calculated and plotted on the map and by its trend line three grades, as well as three sub groups, from the first grade were derived (figure 6). This method of grading centers is considered the most rational with respect to the correspondence with the functional arrangement by five ranks.
2) Using the number of both function and establishment as an index, four groups, was obtained (figure 7).
3. Finally, the five level hierarchy of central places was established by combining the results obtained from the above two methods (The results of grade by the above way are seen in figure 7). For comparision with other areas, each grade was called large town, small town, large village, small village or hamlet. Where the urban centers are divided into these five ranks there is between them as much difference in the average functional index value and about two times as much difference in the number of establishments, but no regularity in the average population of center can be seen between ranks (figure 8).
F. As a result of comparing the functions by five ranks, the urban center by each rank:
1) shows remarkable increase in the total number or functions and in the dominant function representing each rank as lower order ascends to higher order.
2) adds to new functions which cannot be found in the lower order.
3) shows that every function performed by centers of lower rank is also performed by those in centers of each higher rank progressively.
Accordingly, it was found that the urban center by each rank has its characteristic group of functions(figure 10). These facts prove the functional hierarchy cf the urban centers of this area since centers of lower order progress to those
of higher order gradually and consistently.
F. The functional features of the area were derived by comparison rank by rank with the Baden Wu¨rttemberg study. But the difference in development step, cultural characteristics, and study methods made it difficult for different centers by rank to be compared with each other.
5. The analytic study of the urban centers in the area surrounding Daegu City was carried out as stated above.
Excepting functional research, aspects of central place, such as; spatial arrangement of central place, delimitation of the tributary area of central place and its analysis, and the relationship between the functional hierarchy of central place and the hierarchy of the tributary area are not dealt with here. These will be systematically dealt with later in the continuation of this study.
I wish to express my gratitude to the Harvard Yenching Institute whose financial assistance helped to make this study possible.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序言
• 1. 硏究目的
• 2. 硏究過程
• Ⅱ. 硏究地域
• Ⅲ. 本硏究에 있어서의 機能의 分類 및 分類上의 問題點
• 1. 機能의 分類
• 2. 機能分類에 있어서의 間題點
• Ⅳ. threshold function
• 1. 機能의 threshold population
• 2. threshold function에 있어서의 break에 依한 hierarchical grouping
• 3. 全人口 階層에 고루 分布하는 機能과 不規則的으로 나타나는 機能
• 4. 本地域 threshold population의 外國과의 比較
• Ⅴ. 機能에 依한 urban center의 階層區分(grading)
• 1. functional index value에 依한 grading
• 2. 機能數와 業體數의 關係에 依한 grading
• 3. 1.과 2.를 綜合한 grading
• Ⅵ. 機龍의 階層構造(hierarchy of functions)
• 1. "比率階級"別로 본 各階層의 機能
• 2. 各階層에서 새로 附加되는 機能
• 3. 上下位 階層區別의 指標가 되는 機能
• 4. 機能의 階層的 配列
• Ⅶ. 階層別 機能의 Baden Wu¨rttemberg와의 比較
• Ⅷ. 結言