효자도의 구성 원리와 문자도에 있어서 ‘이념 구현자’ 표현 방식 연구 = A Study on the composition principle of the ‘Hyo’ word picture and the expression method of ‘person who embodies ideas’ in Munjado

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the expression method of ’person who embodies ideas’(이념 구현자) that appeared in Munjado(문자도) of the Joseon Dynasty and tries to explore the composition principle of Munjado. ‘Person who embodies ideas’ is a description method widely used in texts that declare Confucian ideals, such as "The painting book of the Five Relationships in Action"(오륜행실도), which is a person who embodies Confucian ideals through his or her own actions. Looking at the concept and origin of ‘person who embodies ideas’, we confirmed ‘person who embodies ideas’ that appeared as text in story-picture type Munjado(고사인물화 유형 문자도), and investigated various signs that were used in place of ‘Hyo’ word picture(효자도), where ‘person who embodies ideas’ typically appeared in symbol type Munjado(기호 유형 문자도), when ‘person who embodies ideas’ was not used.
In the symbol type Munjado, the ‘narrative sign’(서사적 기호) and ‘metaphorical sign’(비유적 기호) express ‘person who embodies ideas’ and emphasize the form, mixing with other signs to stimulate visual curiosity without feeling cluttered. The sign replaces the stroke with a fresh idea, and the aesthetic effect of ‘Like but not like’(사이불사) occurs, moving back and forth between the form and the stroke. In the case of the ‘Hyo’ word picture(효자도), the son[子] in the lower half of the title Chinese character ‘孝’(효) carries the filial piety story represented by the carp, bamboo shoots, and fans in the upper half, resulting in the compositional effect. In the case of the ‘Chung’ word picture, the carp rises from the heart[心] in the lower half of the title Chinese character ‘忠’(충) and the dragon[龍] in the upper half comes to life, creating a dramatic composition. Furthermore, the integrated effect of the picture is achieve by combining the concrete in the upper half with the abstract text in the lower half, achieving a unique and powerful visual effect.
Examining Munjado through the expression ‘person who embodies ideas’ is of academic significance in that it opens the way to a deeper understanding of Munjado through the use of appropriate concepts and also reveals it’s value and originality.