도스토예프스키의 ‘지하생활자’와 신경과학자: 자유의지의 딜레마를 중심으로 = Dostoevsky's Underground Man and the Neuroscientist: On the Dilemma of Free Will

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is focused on the dilemma of free will as it is interpreted by Dostoevsky and Neuroscience. Dostoevsky's novel Notes from Underground has been regarded as an explicit polemic with Chernyshevsky's rationalism and determinism. Dostoevsky's polemic against determinism foreshadows today's free will debate in neuroscience in that Dostoevsky's Underground Man and modern day neuroscientist cannot avoid dilemma. The Underground Man thinks that man has free will and he can do anything against his own benefit just in order to prove that he is free and he is not regulated by the law of nature. However, in actuality his life proceeds as if he is guided by some invisible power and all his effort to prove the existence of free will ends up with total mental bankruptcy. Similarly, today's neuroscientists like to assert that there is no free will, but their assertion is far from solving the free will debate. The scientist Benjamin Libet showed in an experiment on human consciousness that unconscious processes in the brain precedes the initiation of conscious action based on free will. If this is true, there arises the problem of responsibility. If human condition is genetically determined, no one is responsible for anything. For this reason, many neuroscientists are still in some midway between determinism and free will in spite of Libet experiment.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 계동준, "지하로부터의 수기" 열린책들 2000
• 2 조혜경, "주인공의 공간 이동에 따른 흐로노또프 연구: 도스또옙스끼의 『지하생활자의 수기』를 중심으로" 한국노어노문학회 20 (20): 207-234, 2008
• 3 뿌쉬낀, 알렉산드르, "잠 안오는 밤에 쓴 시" 열린책들 1999
• 4 후베르트, 마르틴, "의식의 재발견" 프로네시스 2007
• 5 김효은, "윤리적 뇌" 바다출판사 2009
• 6 설, 존., "신경생물학적 문제로서의 자유의지, In 신경생물학과 인간의 자유" 궁리 57-112, 2010
• 7 그린필드, 수전., "브레인 스토리" 지호 2004
• 8 석영중, "뇌를 훔친 소설가" 예담 2011
• 9 홍성욱, "뇌 속의 인간, 인간 속의 뇌" 바다출판사 2010
• 10 Достоевский, Ф. М., "Полное собрание сочинении в 30 томах" Наука 1990
• 11 Виноградов, И., "Духовные искания русской литературы" Русский путь 2005
• 12 Котельников, В. А., "Апокалиптика и эсхатология у Достоевского" 3 : 51-67, 2011
• 13 Libet, Benjamin., "Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action" 8 : 529-566, 1985
• 14 Bakhtin, M., "Toward a Philosophy of the Act" U of Texas 1993
• 15 Kane, R, "The Significance of Free Will" Oxford U. Press 1998
• 16 Strawson, Galen., "The Impossibility of Ultimate Moral Responsibility, In Real Materialism and Other Essays" Oxford U Press 319-331, 2008
• 17 Oakley, Dylan., "Notes from Underground: An Examination of Dostoevsky's Solution to the Absurd Dilemma" 11 : 33-40, 2002
• 18 Flath, Carol., "Fear of Faith: The Hidden Religious Message of Notes from Underground" 37 (37): 510-529, 1993
• 19 Katz, Michael., "Dostoevsky and Natural Science" 9 : 63-76, 1988
• 20 Thompson, Diane Oenning., "Dostoevskii and Science, In The Cambridg Companion to Dostoevskii" Cambridge U. Press 191-211, 2002
• 21 Jackson, Robert Louis., "Aristotelian Movement and Design in Part Two of Notes from the Underground, In Dostoevsky New Perspectives" A Spectrum Book 66-89, 1984