인조반정(仁祖反正)과 정인홍(鄭仁弘)의 정치철학적 재평가 = A Politic Philosophical Revaluation of The King Injo Restoration and Jeong, In-hong

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After the King Injo Restoration, Yi, Gui(1557~1632), including participants of the coup, imitated Jeong, In-hong`s politics of Sallim with Kim, Jang-saeng(1548~1631), a fellow pupil. The King Injo Restoration was a political coup d`Etat and a usurpation the throne by Soin. Soin`s coup was the first chain of Soin, Noron and In-raw gorvernment, moreover, it was the major reason of the fall of Joseon dynasty. Jeong, In-hong was the person who was beheaded by false charges. After 289 years, Great Han Empire Sunjong[純宗] Yoonghi [隆熙] 2nd year(April 30th, 1908), he was rehabilitated as the prime minister of the Joseon dynasty by emperor. Someone says that every scene of history was self-vindication and justification of winners, but there is the historical philosophical opinion of History is an unending dialogue between the present and the past. In Korean and Chinese history, when a former queen[empress] acted as regent for the young king after a king or emperor was dead, mostly, the maternal relatives dominated the political situation, as a result, the people and dynasty[empire] fall into extreme distress. In the reign of Gwanghaegun, there was many problems of the queen as king`s stepmother, Inmok Queen Kim`s speech and her de facto power. King Taejon, Lee, Bang-won was an intelligent person and he was the only person who was pass the civil service examination among seven sons of King Taejo, Lee, Seong-gye in goryo dynasty. He helped father`s dynastic revolution and made his son, King Sejong, as a sage king. He purged his brothers and maternal relatives(Yeoheung Min`s family, Cheongsong Sim`s family) and change the burial site of the queen as king`s stepmother, Shindeok Queen Kang`s royal tomb to out of a capital city. Nevertheless, was there a person who dared to abuse King Taejong by reason of ``deposing mother queen and killing brother``? Was there a person who succeeded in usurpation and restoration against King Sejo, similar to King Taejong. Jeong, in-hong became the best mayor of the day and he was equipped impartiality and integrity in royal court and he had a scholarly appearance in Gyeongyeon[經筵] with his Confucian and democratic thought of politics. We should estimate his raising an army in the cause of justice based on the thought of ‘To become a general outside, to become a prime minister inside`` and ``Enter the government service and Live in seclusion``. On the contrary, we should estimate critically King Injo, the coup confederates and the successors those failed in ethical politics, internal administration and diplomacy desperately. ``The wrong King could be punished``, that was the Mengzi`s thoughts of ``A tyrant is an ordinary man`` and revolution. Revolution or restoration should have Confucian and democratic legitimacy. In other words, the changing of Providence should be admitted by public sentiment. In the age of Northern Song, Ssu-ma Kuang criticized that Mengzi`s thougnt of changing the throne and revolution will be a excuse for traitors who try to usurp the throne. So Zhu Xi said that ``It is possible when the former king must be a tyrant like Jie Zhou[桀紂] and the latter king must be a wise king like Tang Wu[湯武]``. Was The King Injo Restoration really as Zhu Xi said?