개망초(Erigeron annus)의 毒性物質이 몇가지 田作物의 發芽 및 生長에 미치는 影響 = Effects of Toxic Substances of Erigeron annus on the Germination and Seeding Growth of Several Upland Crops

국문 초록 (Abstract)

개망초 (Erigeron annus)의 毒性物質이 몇 가지 田作物의 種子發芽 및 幼植物의 生長에 미치는 影響을 究明하고자, 개망초를 生育時期別, 部位別로 採取하여 生體水溶抽出液, 粉末抽出液 및 腐熟物, 그리고 망초(E. cannadensis)의 生體水溶抽出液으로 옥수수, 수수, 밭벼, 메밀, 콩, 팥, 녹도, 참깨, 들깨, 무우의 種子發芽 및 幼植物의 生長에 미치는 影響을 比較實驗한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다.
1) 生育中期의 개망초 地上部 및 뿌리의 水溶抽出液은 對照區에 比하여 供試作物의 發芽 및 幼植物의 生長을 有意하게 抑制시켰으나, 망초의 水溶抽出液은 抑制作用이 弱하였으며, 수수, 들깨, 녹두, 참깨, 밭벼는 오히여 促進되는 傾向이었다.
2) 生育中期의 개망초 部位別 抽出液은 莖端>잎>줄기 順으로 供試作物의 發芽 및 幼植物의 生長을 抑制시켰다.
3) 開花期의 部位別 抑制程度는 잎>줄기>뿌리 抽出液의 順으로 供試作物의 發芽 및 幼植物의 生長을 抑制시켰다.
4) 花器의 生育時期別 抑制程度는 結實期>開花期>어린 꽃봉우리의 抽出液 順으로 供試作物의 發芽 및 幼植物의 生長을 抑制하는 傾向이었다.
5) 生育時期別 抑制程度는 生育初期의 地上部 抽出液이 가장 抑制的이었고, 中期 및 開花期의 抽出液은 作物에 따라 달랐다.
6) 腐熟物 混合栽培結果, 混合量이 많을수록 抑制되었으며, 抑制時期는 腐熟物 5% 混合區(개망초 0.7%)에서는 發芽期~本葉 1~2 ?期까지의 幼植物이었으며, 本葉 3~4?期 부터는 서서히 回復되었으나, 腐熟物 10% 混合區 (개망초 1.4%) 에서는 回復되지 않았다.
7) 참깨는 개망초의 잎, 莖端, 꽃 抽出液에서는 줄기나 뿌리 抽出液 또는 對照區에 比하여 强한 選擇抑制作用을 받았다.
8) 개망초의 毒性物質이 供試作物의 發芽 및 幼植物의 生長에 미치는 程度에 따라 抑制에 强한 作物과 弱한 物質로 分類하면 다음과 같다.
① 發芽에 미치는 影響
ㄱ. 强한 作物 ; 밭벼, 수수, 녹두, 콩, 팥, 메밀
ㄴ. 弱한 作物 ; 옥수수, 참깨, 들깨, 무우
② 幼植物 生長에 미치는 影響
ㄱ. 强한 作物 ; 수수, 팥, 녹두, 콩
ㄴ. 弱한 作物 ; 옥수수, 밭벼, 메밀, 참깨, 무우, 들깨

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Present experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of toxic subtances of Erigeron annus on the seed germination and seeding growth of several field crops with water extracts, powder extracts, and humic substances of Erigeron annus by growth stages or organs, as well as with water extracts of Erigeron canadensis. The results obtained were as follows:
1. Water extracts of leaves and stems or root of E.annus before blooming showed significantly a tendency to be inhibitory germination and seedling growth of upland crops, whereas those of E. canadensis did weakly inhibitory, but seedling growth of sorghum, perilla, mung bean and sesam were rather promoted as compared with control.
2. Water extracts of apical stems, leaves, or stems of E.annus before blooming were inhibitory to the germination and seedling growth of species tested in turn, apical stems>leaves>stems.
3. Water extracts of E. annus by organs at blooming period were inhibitory to the germination and seedling growth of species tested in turn, leaves>flowers>stems>roots.
4. Powder extracts of flowers of E. annus by growth stages were inhibitory to the germination and seedling growth of species tested in turn, bearing season>blooming period>flower bud.
5. In the extent of the inhibition of E. annus by growth stages, powder extracts of the leaves and stems in the early season was most inhibitory and those in the before blooming or blooming period were differed from species tested.
6. In the mixed culture with humic substances of E. annus, seedling growth of species tested were inhibited in directly proportion to concentration. The inhibited period in 0.7% mixed plots was from germination to the first or second main leaf stage and since the third or fourth main leaf stage of the inhibited crops those were recovered, but those in 1.4% mixed plots were not recovered.
7. The germination and seedling growth of sesame were inhibited most selectly in the extracts of apical stem, leaf, or flower, whereas were not inhibited in the extracts of stem or root of E. annus.
8. According to the extent of the inhibition of the toxic substances of E. annus on the germination and seedling growth, species tested were classificated as follows;
1) Effects of the toxic substances of E. annus on the seed germination.
(1) Crops which were not inhibited were upland rice, sorghum, mung bean, soubean, azuki bean, and buck wheat.
(2) Crops which were inhibited were maize, sesame, perilla, and radish.
2) Effects of the toxic subtances of E. annus on the seedling growth.
(1) Crops which were not inhibited were maize, sorghum, azuki bean mung bean and soybean.
(2) Crops which were inhibited were upland rice, buck wheat, sesame, perilla, and radish.