또래 관계 및 가족 기능이 아동의 외로움에 미치는 영향 = The Effect of Peer Relationship and Family Function on Children's Loneliness

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background: Children are exposed to dangers of loneliness. This problem is associated with violent aggression, depression
and anxiety. Therefore, the effect of peer relationship and family function on children's loneliness was investigated in this
study.
Methods: This study was based on the survey administered to 198, 5th and 6th grade students of fi ve elementary schools
in Seoul, Korea, in May, 2007. We investigated family function, peer relationship and children's loneliness by self-rating
using the Smilkstein's Family APGAR, Peer Environment Scale and Children's Loneliness Scale. The collected data were
analyzed with SPSS ver. 12.0.
Results: Comparison group of children with different gender showed significant difference in the peer relationship,
especially emotional support. On the other hand, data showed children's loneliness and family function were not affected
in male or female children. Group of children with more intimate relationship and healthier family function reduced
children's loneliness. Peer relationship and family function had the greatest infl uence on children's loneliness.
Conclusion: Group of children with more intimate relationship and healthier family function reduced children's loneliness.
Accordingly, family physicians should heed to their family function and know that it has an effect on children's emotions.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구배경: 현대 아동들은 사회, 정서적으로 외로움이 가중될
수 있는 위험에 노출되어 있으며, 이는 불안이나 우울, 공격성
과 같은 문제와 관련되어 성인기의 정신, 신체 건강에 영향을
끼친다. 따라서 이 시기 아동들에게 영향을 끼치는 가족 및 또
래 관계와 외로움의 관계를 알아봄으로써 일차의료의 소아
진료에 있어 가족중심의 접근방법에 도움이 되고자 하였다.
방법: 2007년 5월 서울 시내 5개 초등학교 5-6학년 아동 198
명을 대상으로 가족기능지수, 또래 관계 척도, 외로움 척도를
이용해 자기기입식으로 아동의 외로움과 또래 관계 및 가족
기능에 대하여 조사하였다.
결과: 아동의 또래 관계에 대한 문항에서 여아가 남아보다 유
의하게 높았고, 하위 변수 중 정서적 지지를 알아보는 문항에
서 여아가 남아보다 유의하게 높았다. 가족 기능이나 아동의
외로움에서는 남, 여아 간의 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타
났다. 남, 여 아동 모두 또래 관계 및 가족 기능이 외로움과 음
의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 아동의 외로움에 대한 하위 변수
들 중 교환적 활동이 남, 여 아동의 외로움을 가장 잘 설명하는
것으로 나타났다. 또래 관계와 외로움의 관련성은 중증의 가
족 기능 장애군에서 가장 높게 나타났다.
결론: 남, 여 아동 모두 또래 관계가 친밀할수록, 가족 기능이
건강할수록 외로움을 적게 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 가족
의 기능이 건강할수록 또래 관계가 외로움에 미치는 영향력
이 감소하였다. 따라서 가정의는 가족 기능이 소아의 정서적
문제와 연관되어 성인기 이후의 신체, 정신 질환에 영향을 미
칠 수 있다는 것을 알고 소아 환자를 진료해야 할 것이다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 김광웅, "어머니와의 애정적 유대가 아동의 외로움에 미치는 영향-부정적 인지 조절 능력의 성별 매개효과를 중심으로-" 한국아동학회 26 (26): 379-390, 2005
• 2 Smilkstein G, "Validity and reliability of the family APGAR as a test of family function" 15 : 303-311, 1982
• 3 Jung YI, "The study of loneliness and school achievement according to sociometric status" Sookmyung Women's Univ. 1988
• 4 Youn BB, "The study of family APGAR score as the evaluation method of the family function" 6 (6): 13-17, 1985
• 5 Russell D, "The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence" 39 : 472-480, 1980
• 6 Doh HS, "The relations between family functioning and self-esteem and loneliness in adolescents" 19 : 229-244, 1998
• 7 Smilkstein G, "The family APGAR: a proposal for a family function test and its use by physicians" 6 : 1231-1239, 1978
• 8 Smilkstein G, "The cycle of family function: a conceptual model for family medicine" 11 : 223-232, 1980
• 9 Kim HJ, "The affectionate relationship with children's mother, loneliness of children, and interpersonal relations inclination" Sookmyung Women's Univ. 2003
• 10 Lee JR, "Study on children's home environment and peer group environment and their self-perceived competence" Seoul National Univ. 1994
• 11 Large T, "Some aspects of loneliness in families" 28 : 25-35, 1989
• 12 Oh HM, "Relation between children's loneliness and the qualities of sibling relationships and friendship" Yonsei Univ. 2000
• 13 Parker JG, "Peer relations and later personal adjustment:are low-accepted children at risk?" 102 : 357-389, 1987
• 14 Grotevant HD, "Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence" 56 : 415-428, 1985
• 15 Asher SR, "Loneliness in children" 55 : 1456-1464, 1984
• 16 Moore D, "Loneliness at adolescence: correlates, att ributions, and coping" 12 : 95-100, 1983
• 17 Farrell MP, "Family system and social support: a test of the effect of cohesion and adaptability of the functioning of parents and adolescents" 55 : 119-132, 1993
• 18 Park KH, "Family structure and function, in Family medicine. 2nd ed" Gyechuk Munwhasa Publishing Co. 25-35, 2003
• 19 Prange ME, "Family functioning and psychopathology among adolescents with severe emotional disturbance" 20 : 83-102, 1992
• 20 Aalto-Setala T, "Depressive symptoms in adolescence as predictors of early adulthood depressive disorders and maladjustment" 159 : 1235-1237, 2002
• 21 Kapornai K, "Depression in children" 21 : 1-7, 2008
• 22 Brage D, "Correlates of loneliness among midwestern adolescents" 28 : 685-693, 1993
• 23 Furman W, "Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks" 21 : 1016-1024, 1985
• 24 Asher SR, "Children's loneliness: a comparison of rejected and neglected peer status" 53 : 500-505, 1985
• 25 Luftig RL, "Children's loneliness, perceived ease in making friends and estimated social adequacy: development and social metacognition" 17 : 35-53, 1987
• 26 Clark C, "Childhood and adulthood psychological ill health as predictors of midlife affective and anxiety disorders" 64 : 668-678, 2007
• 27 Park HK, "A study on impact of illness on the family: the application of general health questionnaire and family APGAR to parents of childhood leukemia patient" 11 (11): 1-11, 1990
• 28 Kang SK, "A study of family APGAR scores for evaluating family function" 5 (5): 6-13, 1984
• 29 Lee KH, "A correlative analysis between the problem behaviors of schooling adolescents and the psychological climate of family in Korea" 21 : 611-627, 1982