신라토기로 본 이성산성 운영 양상 = The Operational Patterns of Iseong Fortress as Seen Through Silla Pottery

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Iseong Fortress, a representative historical military site in Hanam, has undergone 15 archaeological excavations to date, yielding a significant quantity of pottery. However, comprehensive studies of the spatial distribution of the excavated pottery, detailed chronological classification, and the operational patterns of the fortress based on the pottery remain insufficient. This study examines late Silla and Unified Silla pottery unearthed from Iseong Fortress, which has yet to be thoroughly analyzed, drawing on the findings of previous excavations. Focusing on pottery with relatively stable find locations from the fortress walls, reservoirs, and key building sites, the study investigates the construction period, operational timeline, governing entities, and functional patterns of the fortress. The construction of the first fortress wall, as inferred from pottery analysis, is dated to the end of 6th century, shortly after Silla’s conquest of the lower Han River region and the establishment of Sinju in the Hanam area in 553. The second fortress wall is estimated to have been constructed between the late 7th century and the end of the 7th century, following the commencement of Unified Silla. This period corresponds to the construction of Jujang Fortress in 672 and is understood to be associated with Silla’s large-scale reconstruction of Iseong Fortress as part of its efforts to defend the Han River region from Tang threats. Pottery styles corresponding to the late 8th century to the early 9th century have not been identified among the artifacts excavated from Iseong Fortress. This absence of pottery styles is interpreted as indicative of a hiatus in the fortress's operation. The factors contributing to this phenomenon are closely related to the relocation of military and administrative focal points. Notable examples include the concentrated fortress construction activities in the northern border areas of Hansanju, which encompassed the Hanam region, in 718, and the migration of Hansanju residents to Paegangjin (believed to be along the Daedong River or Yeseong River) in 782.
Following this operational hiatus, the reoccupation of Iseong Fortress during the late 9th century to the fall of Unified Silla has been identified through the analysis of pottery. This reoccupation is presumed to be associated with the emergence of local gentry in the late Unified Silla period, who utilized the fortress to secure strategic footholds.