五服制度에 관한 硏究 : 朝鮮王朝의 國恤服制를 中心으로 = A STUDY ON THE FIVE DEGREES MOURNING SYSTEM

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Present paper is to contemplate the basic principle of mourning system among the people and the national mourning during Yi Dynasty, and further to inquire into some derivative problems coming from the actual performance of mourning. With the introduction of "Chu-ja" learning at the later years of Koryo Dynasty the funeral rites became of more importance and was drawn up as more definite rules by "Myung-yuil".
The mourning system is divided into five sorts, "Cham-choi"(斬衰) , "Je-choi"(齊衰), "Dae-gong"(大功), "So-gong"(小功), and "Si-ma"( 麻), so usually called Five Degrees Mourning System(五服制度). What degree is to be taken is decided by the mourner’s degree of familiarity to the deceased, how intimate or distant, by the relative rank of the deceased within the kin, whether senior or junior, by the social status of the deceased and of his family. According to the degree of mourning decided, distinctions are made in the period of mourning various from three years to three months, in the stuff of mourning garments different in the sort of sackcloth, fine/or coarse, raw or boiled, and in the method of making mourning garb, borders hemmed or unhemmed. "Cham-choi" is the heaviest mourning made of coarsest raw sackcloth with fringes unhemmed worn for parents and husband, norminally for three years, actually for twenty-seven months. Ruggedly unhemned borders seem to signify the mourner’s deep compunction of his undutiful filial piety. "Je-choi" is the second degree of mourning worn for three years for mother in case of the mourner’s father dead and for one year carrying mourning-staff for mother when his father is alive and for his grandparents without carrying mourningstaff. Also it is worn for five months for great-grandparents, and three months for their parents, that is great-great-grand-parents. The mourning garb is made of coarse raw sackcloth with hemmed borders. "Dae-gong" which means great meritorious service is nine months’ mourning for paternal first cousins. The slightly boiled coarse sackcloth is used for the stuff of the garments of this degree mourning. "So-gong" is the mourning worn for five months for the second cousins and grand uncles and aunts. The slightly boiled fine sackcloth is used for the garments. "Si-ma" is the mourning worn for three months for paternal third cousins made with the finest boiled sackcloth.
The principal parts of mourning garments are "choi" the upper garments, and "sang" the lower garments. To the upper garments are attached four strips of cloth, that is "yeong" on the top, of the front, "jeok".
"jeok" on the top of the shoulder, "choi" on the breast and "bu-pan" on the back. The lower garments is consisted of seven breadth cloth, three front and four back breadth. Mourners, leaning on the mourning staff, wear white hempen cloth cap with three pleats and twisted hempen threads on the head "su-jil", aud twisted hempen threads girdle on the waist "yo-jil", and straw sandals on the feet.
When the King, the Queen, the Queen Mother, the Crown Prince, or the wife of the Crown Prince pass away, the whole nation, from all the various civil and military officials and royal family even to the common people, wear mourning garments. The system of national mourning is by and large complied with the general system illustrated above and is recorded concretely in the Dynasty's Five Rites "Kuk-jo-o-rye-ui". Though national mourning system is principally based upon the Dynasty’s Five Rites, however, in a particular problematic situation the King himself selects one way of observing mourning from various opinions offered by courtiers clustered into cliques. For the main the then influential faction’s stand was selected.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 緖論
• Ⅱ. 喪服의 起源
• Ⅲ. 喪服의 傳來
• Ⅳ. 喪服制度
• A. 喪服의 等級 및 材料
• B. 喪服圖說 및 製作法
• 1. 男子喪服
• 2. 女子喪服
• 3. 百官喪服
• C. 喪服期限
• Ⅴ. 國恤服制
• A. 國恤服制
• 1. 大王, 王妃를 위한 服制
• 2. 王大妃를 위한 服制
• 3. 王世子를 위한 服制(今上 戊申年 孝章世子喪 때 이 儀禮를 行함)
• 4. 王世子嬪을 위한 服烈(肅宗 戊戌年 瑞懿王妃가 嬪宮에서 喪을 當했을 때 이儀禮를 行했다)
• B. 國恤時 服制 星非
• Ⅵ. 結論