채만식 문학연구 : 문학장에서의 궤적을 중심으로 = A Study on Literary World of Chae Man-sik
The purpose of this study is to keep track of footprints made by Chae Man-sik, a Korean modern novelist and dramatist, in terms of his struggles, positions and changing standpoints in literary field as a ground of symbolic struggle for literary rights vested, and is also to find out potential associations of his positions in Korean modern literary field with his literary works. According to Pierre Bourdieu, a literary writer's social trajectories contoured in literary field reflecting aspects of power ruling around our society refers to an overall and synthetic view of his individual and literary world. In the above context, this study seeks to explore a new approach to researches in Chae's literary works which have been limited so far to his literary texts.
Chae Man-sik, a modern litterateur who began to build his literary career by joining “the Korean Literary World (조선문단)” in 1924, had a tendency toward nationalist literature and entered Korean literary field, but created socialism-oriented literary works after 1930, so that he could take his position in Korean modern proletarian literary world. And Chae could make his career as litterateur through debates on fellow traveler with critics of KAPF (Korea Artista Proleta Federatio). Moreover, Chae also worked as literary reporter and took charge particularly of editing “Byeolgeon-gon (A New World: 별건곤)” that had advocated literary readings fit for popular tastes. Here, he could learn a series of popular codes oriented to readers (e.g. his contemporary social contexts, vogues and social conditions) and used those codes for major motifs of his follow-up novels and dramas.
Chae built a new career of full-time writer after leaving Chosun Ilbo (his former workplace) when his contemporary literary field was changing after dissolution of KAPF under stronger control of imperial Japan over Korea. In the situation of imperial Japan's enhanced censorship over Korean journalism after the Sino-Japanese War, a full-time writer Chae had to earn a living by contribution fee, exploring possible ways to author literary works free from censorship. With successful serialization of his new 3 full-length novels on newspaper, Chae began to be reputed by the public and Korean literary field. However, Chae was excluded from symbolic struggles for symbolic power in Korean literary filed after collapse of KAPF-driven influential power, so that he could fail to obtain any material symbolic power.
While pro-Japan litterateur groups formed in Korean under the stronger rule of war organization, Chae joined Korean Writers' Association in 1940 and released pro-Japan prose works and novels. But many of his new novels except pro-Japan literatures tend to reveal signs on adaptation of his former novels in 1930's, or employ his own personal episodes to give metaphorical expressions to his sentiments. In particular, adapted versions (in 1940's) of Chae's former novels inherited artistic ethos from his literary works published in 1930's, but a chasm of his pro-Japan literary works with his other works caused him to be far away from reputation as a part of mainstream in Korean literary field in 1940's.
The Liberation of Korea (1945) from Japan led to radical changes of Korean literary field. In Korean literary field that was divided into rightist and leftist field to be committed to fierce symbolic struggles for new literary hegemony, Chae took a middle position without leaning to either right or left wing those days, and still abided by such middle position, even though Korea Writers' Federation (조선문학가동맹) member writers turned away from their positions to join the Korean Writers' Association along with middle-wing writers after the foundation of independent government for South Korea. Chae was the virtually only one writer who kept his distance from absolute power of post-liberation Korean literary field even after it came to have its established ideology and structure.
Summing up, it is concluded that Chae proceeded with embodiment of critical literary consciousness for the status quo by his literary works all over all his literary careers including a period of activities for pro-Japan literature, and his writing activities based on newspaper and magazine had material influences on the general aspects of his literature. Here, it is found that these characteristics of Chae's literary works are closely associated with his positions in Korean modern literary field, because his social trajectories of confrontation or passive resistance at certain distance from his contemporary mainstream of Korean literary field had considerable influence on the production and assessment of his literary works. In addition, it is concluded that Chae's literary works have been better recognized and rated in follow-up generation than his contemporary one, and Chae could rather obtain a cumulative pile of symbolic capital after his death, because he exerted unfading literary spirit even while he was integrated and excluded in Korean modern literary field, and he walked on a series of social careers consistent with such spirit.
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