Thomas Sutpen의 悲劇性 硏究 = A Study on Thomas Sutpen's Tragedy
저자
辛英子 (숙명여자대학교 대학원 英語英文學科)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1989
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
79-108(30쪽)
제공처
소장기관
This is a study of Thomas Sutpen's tragedy based on historical and mythical features and his innocense in Absalom, Absalom !. And also I have studied tragic human aspect through the southern history of America in his main novels The Sound and the Fury and Light in August.
William Faulkner is one of the most important figures in 20th literature, especially he was known well to us with Faulkner's own territory, Yoknapatawpha County which had been setting his saga novels. In the series of intricately interwoven novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County in the state of Mississipi, Faulkner produced a major work of the imagination, one that transcends its setting in the American South to arrive at universal observations about the enduring lot of man, his suffering and his dignity. Through an intense, tortuous style that is involuted and unabashedly rhetorical there emerges in Faulkner's works a vision of mankind that may be compared to that of the Greek tragedies.
Therefore, the theme was mostly about the tragic of South which was caused by collapse and degradation of old southern society's tradition in his works. And the characters have in common an obsession with the past, with glorious prewar South, and in a sense the story of Thomas Sutpen is an allegory for the history of the South. Absalom, Absalom ! is to create, through the utilization of all resources of fiction, a good tragic vision of historic dimension. As in the tragedies of the ancients and in the great myths of the old testament, the action represents issues of timeless moral significance. That Faulkner here links the decline of a social order caused from the fact of defeat of Civil War to an infraction of fundamental morality from the slavery system cannot be doubted.
Absalom, Absalom ! is a condemnation of the morals, mores, and ethics of his own Southern Culture. Thomas Sutpen conceives and pursues a great design was started when the young Sutpen was insulted as the result of a strict caste system. If we are to understand the meaning of his tragedy, we must understand of Sutpen's innocence, even the Typical American innocence. Sutpen's trouble was amoral from his innocence and moral obtuseness. To accomplish the great design he should require money, a house, a plantation, slaves and a family.
Sutpen's tragedy is that of refusing to recognize his son, Charles Bon. He rejects his son, because he has one drop of blackblood. Also, Henry rejects his brother, Bon and kills him, because Henry must forbid intermarriage between black and white. They imagine Bon as a tragic character who, in despair at not being acknowledged by Sutpen as his own son, deliberately taunts Henry into killing him with this remarks as : "So it's the miscegenation, not the incest, which you can't bear…, I'm the nigger that's going to sleep with your sister. Unless you stop me, Henry"(AA. pp.356, 358).
Faulkner betrays the prevalent Southern obsession which is deeply rooted in the tear of mixed blood. But it seems that Faulkner himself could not afford to overcome the obsession against blackblood.
He does not hate his first wife or feel repugnance of her child. He does not hate just as he does not love. His passion is totally committed to the design…. Sutpen thinks of himself as strictly just and he submits all of his faculties almost selflessly to the achievement of his design.
I think the Sutpen's fall seem to contain as a myth of the fall of the Old South, like the fall of the house of Compson as depicted in The Sound and the Fury is also regarded as a kind of example of the fall of the old aristocratic order in the South.
The title of the book, with its Biblical allusion, supports the hypothesis of Shreve and Quentin. Sutpen would not say "my son" to Bon as David said it to Absalom even after Absalom rebellion. And different as he was from his father, Henry acted in the end on the same racist principle, killing Bon finally to prevent not incest but miscegenation.
The total action of the story that Quentin and Shreve finally reconstruct shows the tragic consequences of racism rather than affirms or unconsciously assumes it. The traumatic affront to his own humanity at the plantation door prompted Sutpen to adopt a code which was antithetical to his own nature and background ; and it became his nemesis, ruining his grand design. Jim Bond is a grotesque mockery of the dynasty he had envisioned. He is the offspring of Bon's son, Charles Etienne St. Valery Bon, and a "coal black and ape-like body of his charcoal companion in the faces of all and any who would retaliate."
Faulkner believes that the South is hopelessly mired in provincial ignorance and obsessive racism, it can create only a Gothic distortion of life-rotting plantation houses and idiot progeny of hatred and despair.
I think that Faulkner's message is that such is inevitably the consequence when a man deliberately repudiates his innate sense of humanity in an ambitious drive for power and status. The novel as a whole clearly repudiates Southern racism.
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