馬山工業의 空間變異, 1953∼1986年 = Spatial Variations of Manufacturing in Masan City, 1953∼1986
저자
林永大 (地理敎育科)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1990
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
431-490(60쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The main purpose of this study is to clarify characteristics of spatial variations of manufacturing in Masan city from 1953 to 1986. The secondary purpose is to find locational problems of manufacturing and to search for effective device for arrangements of manufacturing to solve the problems.
Four hypotheses were made on the basis of previous studies on the spatial variations of intraurban manufacturing. Masan city within the boundary line in 1986 was selected as the study area. Study period from 1953 to 1986 was divided into five:before 1953, 1953∼1962, 1962∼1972, 1972∼1981 and 1981∼1986. Hard data were used as the basic data. They were about the products, the names of firms and their owners, the addresses and number of employees recorded in registers of firms and yearbooks. The spatial variations by types and sizes of manufacturing were analysed in terms of agglomeration degrees and concentration degrees of unit areas, diffusion of munufacturing distribution and expansion of agglomerated areas zonal distribution of agglomeration degrees and number of agglomerated areas, zonal average firms sizes, position and movement of gravity centers, and structure of processes.
The major findings were as follows:
1. Spatial expansion and increase of agglomeration degree of manufacturing in study area were due to the growth of manufacturing. They, especially, were prominent from 1962 to 1972 in which manufacturing growth was rapid.
2. Due to the landform and infrastructure of the study area, the outward spatial variations of manufacturing went on mainly toward the north and the northeast which was the developmental direction of the area. These spatial variations transformed the distributional pattern of manufacturing biased toward the south west in 1962 into the pattern biased toward the notheast since 1962.
3. In the course of the outward spatial variations, the manufacturing of study area experienced three stages of six growth stages:the stage of CBD dominance before 1953, of inner city dominance in 1953∼1962, and of outer city dominance in 1962∼1986.
4. Though there tended to be different types of spatial variations according to different types and sizes of manufacturing, there were no close relationships between the types of spatial variations and the locational characteristics of manufacturing except the relationships between the firm sizes and the sizes of spatial variations.
5. The spatial variations were due to the results:decrease and weakened increase of manufacturing in CBD and inner city, and increase of manufacturing resulted from the combination of such processes as births, deaths, changes of sizes and relocations of firms, the main processes were the births and the deaths of firms. There were no differences of the process types among the types and sizes of manufacturing. Though the births or the deaths were prominent in every zone, the deths were the most important process in CBD and inner city in contrast to the births in the outer city and suburb.
On the basis of the above facts, all hypotheses were examined positively but one hypothesis(hypothesis 2) partially. The types of the spatial variations of study area, therefore, are similar to those of spatial variations of metropolitan manufacturing except the fact that the stage of spatial variations of study area is earlier than that of the metropolitan manufacturing and the types of spatial variations by manyfacturing types are irrelevant to the locational characteristics.
The locational problems found in the examination of spatial variations in the study area were as follows:
1. Decentralizations of manufacturing toward specific directions hinder balanced growth and development of the study are. Though the decentralizations went mainly to the developmental direction of study area(north and northeast) due to the landform, infrastructure and regional policy, the continuatuation of this tendency would deform the spatial structure of areal functions and would bring about difficulties in performing effective areal functions.
2. Though there tends to be the decrease of manufacturing in CBD and inner city and the increase in outer city and suburb, manufacturing locations are still in CBD and inner city. This suggests that decentralization policy for manufactruing in the study area has depended rather on the births and deaths of firms than on the relocations.
3. There are no close relationships between spatial variations of manufacturing and their locational orientations. This suggests that the locational policy for manufacturing in the study area has mainly depended on the births and deaths of firms, and has been indiscriminate to the locational orientations.
To slove the locational problems above, the following devices are necessary to be considered.
1. It is required to induce decentralization of manufacturing to another directions, or to develop lands for manufacturing locations in the adjacent hinterlands accompanied with transferring another urban functions to this direction for keeping the existing decentralization to specific direction.
2. The positive decentralization policy for manufacturing is necessary:the relocations of firms;the inducement of firm locations in surburb in contrast to the restraint in CBD and inner city.
3. The discriminate locational policy for manufacturing is required:to permit locations of small-scal, non-pollutive and low standardized manufacturing in the limited areas of inner city collectively; to induce the location of large-scale, pollutive and standardized manufacturing requiring large space in outer city or suburb accompanying the development of infrastructure in these areas.
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