전기 및 수소자동차 주차장의 화재위험성 완화에 관한 연구 = Fire Risk Mitigation Strategies for Electric and Hydrogen Vehicle Car Parks

국문 초록 (Abstract)

전기자동차나 수소자동차와 같은 환경친화적 자동차의 사용이 증가하면서 관련 기반시설도 빠르게 확충되고 있으며 주변의 주차장에서도 흔하게 볼 수 있게 되었다. 주차장의 화재안전설계는 기존에 확보한 내연기관자동차의실화재실험 자료를 바탕으로 이루어지고 있어 환경친화적 자동차의 특성을 반영할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 내연기관자동차, 전기 및 수소자동차의 실화재실험 자료를 분석하여 공차중량과 배터리용량에 따른 열방출률을 분석했다. 전기와 수소자동차의 에너지원인 배터리나 수소가스를 제외할 경우 화재성장속도나 최대열방출률은 내연기관자동차와 유사한 형태를 보였다. 전기자동차의 배터리에서 점화할 경우 빠른 화재성장속도를 보였으며, 수소자동차의저장용기에서 온도감응형 압력배출장치가 작동하는 경우에는 순간적으로 10 MW 이상으로 열방출률이 상승했다.
주차장의 화재안전성 향상을 위해서는 차량에 사용되는 플라스틱 내장재나 배터리 용량의 증가를 반영하여 공차중량이나 내화구조를 설계해야 하며, 화재가혹도가 큰 차량을 기준으로 소방시설을 설치할 필요가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the use of eco-friendly vehicles, such as electric and hydrogen vehicles, is rapidly increasing, the related infrastructureis also expanding, and they have become common in parking areas. The fire safety design of a car park is based on theexisting data of internal combustion engine vehicles; therefore, the characteristics of eco-friendly vehicles must be reflected.
This study investigated the heat release rate of internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehiclesusing real-scale fire test data and analyzed the effects of curb weight and battery capacity. The fire growth rate andmaximum heat release rate of electric and hydrogen vehicles were similar to those of internal combustion engine vehicles,except for the batteries and hydrogen gas, which are the energy sources of electric and hydrogen vehicles, respectively.
When ignited from the battery of an electric vehicle, the fire grew rapidly. When the thermally activated pressure reliefdevice was activated in the storage vessel of a hydrogen vehicle, the heat release rate instantaneously increased to 14.5 MW.
To improve fire safety in car parks, the curb weight and fire resistance structure must be designed to reflect the increasein plastic interior materials and battery capacity of vehicles, and firefighting facilities must be installed based on vehicleswith greater fire severity.

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